270 TROPICAL AGRICULTURE 



are also being established in Egypt, Nyasaland, and other 

 tropical countries. 



Poppy seed oil, as the name indicates, is derived from the 

 seed of the poppy (Pap aver somniferum). This industry is 

 most largely developed in Egypt, south Russia, India, and 

 Persia. The seeds yield about 45 per cent, of oil. The largest 

 poppy seed oil mills are located in Marseilles, France. The 

 oil is white if expressed cold, but red and of less value if 

 expressed at higher temperatures. Poppy seed oil is used 

 chiefly as a salad oil (sometimes mixed with sesame oil) and 

 also as a fine artist's oil. France imports 60,000,000 pounds 

 of poppy seed annually for oil purposes. 



Manihot oil is obtained from the seeds of the Ceara rubber 

 tree (M. glaziovii). The seeds yield 10 per cent, of an oil 

 which is yellowish-green in color, of a bitter flavor, and of the 

 odor of olive oil. The oil dries in about a week and may be 

 used as a substitute for linseed oil. 



Niger seed oil is derived from the seed of Guizotia oleifera, 

 a plant native to Abyssinia and also grown in the East Indies, 

 West Indies, and west Africa. The seeds contain 40 per 

 cent, of oil of a yellow color and nutty flavor. It is used 

 chiefly as an edible oil but the poorer grades are employed in 

 the manufacture of soap and for this purpose mixed with 

 rape-seed oil. 



Para seed oil is obtained by pressure from the seeds of the 

 Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). These seeds contain 25 

 to 40 per cent, of oil. The oil is of a yellow color and dries 

 into a clear film. The industry may assume considerable pro- 

 portions when the active demand for seed for planting pur- 

 poses ceases. The oil dries less rapidly than linseed oil and 

 is considered inferior to linseed oil for industrial purposes. 

 The seed cake obtained as a residue from the oil press has 

 been used as a cattle food in Europe, India, and Ceylon. For 

 this purpose the cake appears to have considerable value. 



Argemone oil is derived from the seeds of the Mexican 



