13 



seeding, there were more annual weeds in the initial harvest than with sod 

 seeding. 



Pronamide improved red clover seedling density, whether applied post- 

 emergent to the August seeding or preemergent to the May seeding. The 

 effect of pronamide treatment in the fall was to delay quackgrass emergence 

 in the spring so that red clover established in August was able to dominate 

 the stand. In early May there was little growth of quackgrass on plots 

 treated with pronamide and the effectiveness of paraquat was limited as a 

 result. Perhaps a more effective control of quackgrass would have been to 

 delay paraquat treatment until quackgrass was well emerged; however, seeding 

 would have had to be delayed until late May. 



Compared to unseeded controls, pronamide alone doubled the contribution 

 of legumes, but the effect did not continue into the following year. Intro- 

 duction of seed, in addition to pronamide treatment, further increased 

 legume content of the forage. The combination of tillage and pronamide, as 

 in the conventional seeding in May, nearly eliminated quackgrass, but allowed 

 considerable annual weeds. Although legumes declined the year following 

 establishment, seeded plots contained at least twice as much legume as 

 unseeded controls. Grasses and broadleaf weeds accounted for a larger pro- 

 portion of forage in the second year. 



Compared with unseeded controls, forage yields increased an average of 

 68% and protein yields increased an average 83% the first year of production 

 as a result of sod seeding in August (Table 4) . Stands from sod seeding in 

 August were more productive the initial year than those from either sod 

 seeding or conventional seeding in May, which did not differ in forage 



