apple maggot which includes emer- 

 gence and weather data and traps that 

 would allow an orchardist to estimate 

 when to spray. Because the apple aphid 

 [Aphis pomi] may be controlled by 

 biological methods, he is working to 

 lower pesticide use. Johnson is also 

 developing a model relating degree- 

 day accumulation to emergence of the 

 apple aphid from the egg, and assess- 

 ing the importance of one of its preda- 

 tors. 



R. M. Reeves, a forest entomolo- 

 gist, represents one of six disciplines 

 in the Station examining the effect of 

 annual controlled burns as a tool in 

 forest management. He has shown that 

 the distribution and number of spi- 

 ders, ground beetles, etc. , do change as 

 a result of the treatment but not seri- 

 ously so because other kinds of insects 

 replace those lost. In spruce bud- 

 worm research he has found that of 37 

 species of adult carabid beetles associ- 

 ated with the spruce bud-worm, seven 

 are potential predators. Reeves is also 

 an acarologist, meaning he works with 

 mites. 



D. S. Chandler, taxonomist, has 

 discovered a substantial number of 

 new species of beetles in this state and 

 elsewhere and investigated the effect 

 of logging on such fauna of the forest 

 floor. 



Forest Resources 



Even today, the majority of New 

 Hampshire's acreage is forested. There 

 are several hundred lakes and wet- 

 lands plus wildlife and other natural 

 resources, all of which have both aes- 

 thetic and economic significance. To 

 use these resources most efficiently, 

 yet conserve our forests, water, and 

 agricultural lands, thoughtful man- 

 agement is necessary. But some method 

 of monitoring changes is necessary. 



Using aerial photographs taken in 1953 

 and "images" obtained from electronic 

 signals obtained from satellites in 1974, 

 P. E. Bruns, G. G. Coppleman, W. B. 

 Beck and K. J. Peterson found, using 

 Dover, N.H. as an example, a 72 per- 

 cent increase in residential, commer- 

 cial and public service lands , but losses 

 in agricultural, unimproved open, and 

 forest areas. They concluded that "re- 

 mote sensing", i.e., gathering informa- 

 tion from a distance, could be em- 

 ployed by land use planners, forest 

 managers and other agencies for de- 

 tailed information on land use changes. 

 In 1985, because of an upsurge in land 

 development in the state, there has 

 been a renewed interest and support 

 for remote sensing techniques by state 

 planning groups. 



W. Befort, a remote sensing spe- 

 cialist, preferred small format, large- 

 scale pictures which "provide an in- 

 ventory of standing timber, evaluation 

 of forest damage and assessment of 

 tree regeneration following cutting." 

 Taking his own pictures at low altitude 

 with a 35-mm automated camera us- 

 ing fast, high resolution color film, 

 individual trees could be identified 

 with 90 percent accuracy. He devel- 

 oped a set of "keys to interpretation" 

 of his photographs which would even- 

 tually include all the forest species of 

 New England. With foresters trained 

 in the use of the technique, many kinds 

 of forest applications are expected. 



H. W. Hocker, silviculturist, and 

 graduate students have investigated 

 the influence of thinning, tree compe- 

 tition and fertilization on growth re- 

 sponse of eastern white pine. 



Chainsaw harvesting of forest trees 

 leaves branches, needles and bark in 

 the forest. Whole tree harvesting re- 

 duces an entire tree to chips, but when 



69 



