12 



GENERAL CONDITIONS. 



Some trees are quite exacting in regard to necessary fertility. 

 The pines are best adapted to light sandy soils with but little fer- 

 tility, while the spruce, yellow poplar and catalpa require good soils 



SOIL MOISTURE. 



The amount of moisture required by trees depends upon their 

 root system. Such trees as the Scotch, Austrian and red pines, also 

 black locust and red oak, make satisfactory growths upon dry soils 

 because their long tap roots are able to take up moisture from the 

 lower sub-soil. No trees can make a satisfactory growth in cold 

 soils thoroughly saturated with water because air in the soil is 

 necessary. 



LIGHT. 



All trees in order to make a profitable growth require light. 

 Some kinds, such as spruce, have the ability to withstand shade, 

 and it is beneficial to nearly all of them when they are small. In 

 order to secure the most satisfactory growth a tree must have its 

 light requirements satisfied. The existing growth, be it grass, 

 bramble, brush, mature trees, or other vegetation, and the density 

 with which it stands (therefore, the amount of shade so produced, or, 

 in other words, the scarcity of light which results for the planted 

 tree) is a very important factor in determining not only what kind 

 of a tree should be planted under these conditions but the age or 

 size of tree. 



In a publication of this nature covering such a large subject, no 

 complete directions can be given. A careful study of these pages 

 ought to enable the planter to determine the kind and size to use. 



Whenever pasture or other lands of but little shade are to be 

 planted with pine the two-year old seedlings are sufficiently large. 

 In planting spruce only transplants should be used. When plant- 

 ing under heavy shade only transplants should be used, and if the 

 shade is dense the species which endure shade are most desirable 



to use. 



SPECIES. 



White Pine. This species is usually found on sandy or light 

 soils, but it will do well on any land that is well drained. It will 

 thrive in good soil as well as any other tree when once established. 

 The better the soil, the faster its growth will be. This is one of 

 our most valuable timber trees and adapted to a wide range of soils. 

 It should not be used on the light, sterile sandy soil which will 



