28 KEY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE 



Like the above, but the larger leaves, 



though smooth, whitened beneath; eastern WARD WILLOW 1 . 



Leaves whitened beneath with a fine 

 down, at least when young ; later smooth 

 but white ; twigs mostly red and purple ; 

 small slender trees, along streams, chiefly 



western and central GLAUCOUS WiLLOW 2 . 



Twigs with no bud at the end, tipped by 

 a hard point or wh'ite flowers or fruit; 

 leaves 3 to 4 inches long, finely toothed, 

 smooth, acid when chewed, (p. 66.) SOURWOOD. 



A. Leaves less than three times as long as broad. 



Terminal bud over \ inch long ; fruit a 

 3-angled nut, bark of trunk smooth, light 



gray; leaves straight-veined, (p. 111.) , BEECH. 



Small trees with smooth, light gray bark, 

 fluted trunk, beech-like leaves and hop- 

 like clusters of fruit ; bud short ; very 



common along streams, (p. 113.) HORNBEAM. 



Leaves 3 to 4 inches long, sharp-pointed, 

 downy beneath, as is the leafstem ; flow- 

 ers, white, bell-shaped, in drooping clus- 

 ters ; fruit about inch loug, 3-angled, 

 the angles winged ; usually small trees 

 with striped green and brown branches ; 

 along streams and cool hollows in the 



mountains, (p. 70.) SNOWDROP-TREE. 



Bark of small limbs peeling off in thin 

 papery layers ; flowers in catkins in 

 spring ; fruit cylindrical in shape, 1 inch 

 long, covered with green bracts, each 

 with a seed at its base within. Birches. 



Layers of bark red or pinkish ; leaves 



pale beneath ; common along streams, (p. 114.)... .RIVER BIRCH. 



Layers of bark silvery white; trees of 

 highest mountains ; leaves green be- 

 neath, (p. 113.) YELLOW BIRCH. 



Bark of twig having the taste of winter- 

 green (or peppermint) when chewed; 

 flowers and fruit of the above ; trees of 



cool mountains, (p. 115.) SWEET OR CHERRY BIRCH. 



The remaining native forest trees all have 

 have small leaves, from 1 to 2 inches long 

 long, green both sides arid finely and 

 sharply toothed. They are either elms or 

 elm-like in the appearance of their foli- 

 age, and it is difficult to give accessible 

 leaf-characters for their identification. 



Twigs yellowish or light brown ; 



buds minute, sometimes clustered ; 



fruit a small scaly nut ; bark smooth, 



dark gray ; confined to the lower 



Cape Fear section PLANER TREE 3 . 



Fruit in hop-like clusters ; small 



iSalix longipes wardll (Bebb) nom. nov. ; S. nigra wardi, Bebb, Bui. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 

 xxii, p. 114. 



2Salix discolor, Muehlenburg. 

 3Planera aquatica, Gtuel. 



