GREEN ASH. WATER ASH. 73 



face, and downy beneath ; the leafstalks also covered with a silky 

 down. The male and female flowers appear on separate trees 

 late in spring, and the narrow-winged fruit is like that of the 

 white ash, except that the end of the wing is usually more 

 rounded. The dark, russet-brown rounded winter-bud is downy. 

 The red ash has numerous lateral and superficial roots. 



The wood is heavy, hard, strong, brittle, close-grained and com- 

 pact, rich brown in color ; the sapwood light brown streaked with 

 yellow. It is used for paper pulp and for the same purposes as 

 that of the white ash, to which it is inferior. 



Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. lanceolata, S.irgent. 

 (GREEN ASH. ASH.) 



A tree of medium size, with slender, spreading branches and 

 gray or dark brown bark, rarely exceeding 60 feet in height and 

 24 inches in diameter. 



It occurs in low, rather moist soil, from Vermont to northern 

 Florida, westward to the valley of the Saskatchewan river and 

 the Rocky mountains of Montana, th Wasatch mountains of 

 Utah and the eastern and northern ranges of Arizona. It is most 

 abundant in the Mississippi basin. 



It is not a common tree in North Carolina, and is confined to 

 the upper part of the coastal plain and to the Piedmont plateau, 

 where it reaches a height of 60 and a diameter of 2 feet. 



The leaflets are smooth and bright green on both sides, and 

 narrower, shorter, and often more sharply toothed than those of 

 the red ash. In the West the species and variety are connected 

 by many intermediate forms. East of the Mississippi river the 

 trees are quite distinct. 



The wood is heavy, hard, strong, brittle, rather coarse-grained ; 

 brown in color; the thick sapwood lighter. It is inferior in 

 quality to the wood of the white ash, but in this State is not dis- 

 tinguished from it commercially. 



Praxinus caroliniana, Miller. 



(WATER ASH.) 

 A small tree, with slender branches which form a narrow top, 



