WINGED ELM. 77" 



Seed is borne generally every year in abundance, and young 

 plants are common in damp open places. The American elm does 

 not sprout readily from the stump. 



A larva of a longicorn beetle, Saperda tridentata, Oliver, loosens- 

 the inner bark and channels the surface of the" wood so as fre- 

 quently to kill the tree. The American elm also suffers severely 

 from canker-worms, Paleacrita vernata, Peck, and Eugonia sub- 

 signaria, Huebner, and the imported elm-leaf beetle, Galeruca. 

 scanthornelsena, Schrank, all of which feed upon and destroy the 

 foliage. 



The leaves are usually smaller and less rough than those of the 

 slippery elm. The small greenish-brown flowers are in numerous 

 lateral clusters and appear early in spring. Tl;e flattened oval 

 winged fruit is hairy on the margin, and ripens and falls before 

 the leaves appear. The buds are smooth, rather small and 

 acute. The American elm has long, well developed lateral 

 roots. 



The wood is heavy, hard, strong, tough, rather coarse-grained,, 

 compact, and difficult to split ; the heartwood light brown ; the 

 sapwood lighter. It is used for wheel stocks, saddle-trees, flooring^ 

 and cooperage, and is exported for boat and ship-building. 



In North Carolina the wood of this tree is not much used, and 

 very little of it has ever been cut. 



Ulmus alata, Michaux. 

 (WINGED ELM. WAHOO. CORK ELM. SOUTHERN ELM.) 



A small tree, with slender branches and close finely ridged 

 light brown bark, reaching a height of 50 and a diameter of 2 

 feet. 



It occurs on dry gravelly or often on moist soil from southern 

 Yirginia, through the middle districts to western Florida, south- 

 ern Indiana and Illinois, south to the Gulf coast, and southwest 

 through southern Missouri, Arkansas, and the eastern portion of 

 Indian Territory and Texas ; reaching its best development in 

 southern Missouri and Arkansas. 



