TOP-WOKKING SEEDLING PECAN TREES. 7 



Fifth operation: Making vertical cut to remove bud patch from 

 cion. See figure 6. 



Sixth operation: Taking bud off bud stick. See figure 7. 



Seventh operation: Inserting bud on stock. See figure 8. 



Eighth operation: Beginning the tie. See figure 9. 



Ninth operation: Wrapping the bud. See figure 10. 



Tenth operation: The completed operation. See figure 11. 



The accompanying illustrations should make the method self-explana- 

 tory. 



KNIVES FOR PATCH BUDDING. 



Two sorts of knives are used for patch budding; the double ones 

 shown in figure 12, b and c, for making the parallel cuts and the ordi- 

 nary budding knife, figure 12 a, for removing the patch. 



CAMBIUM. 



Professor Bailey, in his Encyclopedia of Horticulture, says: "The 

 ways and fashions of grafting are legion. There are as many ways as 

 there are ways of whittling. The operator may fashion the union of 

 stock and cion to suit himself if only he apply cambium to cambium, 

 make a close joint and properly protect the work." 



The fundamental basis of the whole science of grafting is cambium. 

 What, then, is this important substance by means of which one plant 

 may be made to live and grow and produce on the roots of another ? If 

 we strip off the bark of any actively growing, woody plant we will find 

 just beneath a soft, colorless substance; this substance is cambium. It 

 feels slimy to the touch, and if scraped with the finger nail a little 

 doughy mass can be raised. As we examine it it will be seen to quickly 

 darken to cream color, then to yellow, and finally to dark brown. A 

 change has taken place in it in a few seconds, right under our eyes. When 

 we first exposed it, it was living, active, and capable of building the 

 most complicated of plant structures; now it is dead, inert, and impo- 

 tent. If we examine the smallest portion of this doughy mass under a 

 compound microscope we will find it not merely slime, but a highly 

 organized tissue made up of countless minute cells, each with a delicate 

 wall about it and containing a thickish liquid (protoplasm). The cam- 

 bium cells are brick-shaped, and are placed end to end, with layer over- 

 lapping layer, like bricks in the wall of a building. The microscopic 



