86 



In the next view, the largest tree at the right is about nine 

 years old. Really the work from 1890 until 1900 consisted in 

 experimenting. When the methods were perfected, the real work 

 began, in 1900. 



Another portion of the grove shows a tree on which the nuts 

 are maturing. This tree is about eight years old. 



A branch from that tree shows the nuts almost ripe, just ready 

 to open. If we examine under the trees, many of the burrs are 

 fallen to the ground. You can see the burrs and the nuts in the 

 burrs. It is harvest time and the harvesters are gathering the 

 nuts and placing them in piles, whence they can be hauled to 

 the threshing machine, which will be shown later. 



The next view shows a normal burr, containing three nuts. 



I will now show the different stages through which fifty acres 

 of this four hundred have passed. I do not have the photographs 

 taken in 1896 and 97. The photographs I have were taken be- 

 ginning with 1903 up to the present time. This view shows the 

 work of removing the brush piles, which were left on the ground. 

 These had to be burned, the logs removed and all the sprouts pro- 

 tected. Every native sprout was protected in every way from 

 fire and from injury, and in the front of this view you see a num- 

 ber of sprouts that have been left. These are ready to be grafted. 

 When the logs are hauled out, these have to be protected; when 

 fires are made, to burn the brush and rubbish, these need to be 

 protected. A sawmill was set up, and what wood was valuable 

 used either for railroad ties, or mine props, or pulpwood, for 

 whatever it could be used, so that it partly paid for clearing. 



When the sprouts are ready to graft, they are about six feet 

 high. Four sprouts are here shown. The two on this side were 

 cut off about the point where the hand is, and these two were 

 selected because, coming from the stump, they came from lower 

 down and a little farther out and apparently had better roots. 

 So two were selected and two were left. The two were grafted 

 on this side and two left, in case of injury to the other two; so 

 that, if anything happened, the others could be grafted the next 

 season. 



Old trees were cut down in different parts of the farm. This 

 shows a giant tree that was cut in order that this little sprout at 



