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widely spaced plantations. The damage done would depend, of 

 course, on the intensity of the fire and the age of the trees. A 

 light ground fire in an old grove of trees will cause little injury 

 aside from scorching the bases of the trunks, while even a mod- 

 erately light fire will completely destroy a young plantation. In 

 most cases even a very severe fire will destroy only the portions- 

 of the trees above ground, and the roots will then send out a 

 second crop of sprouts. However, a plantation is always set 

 back by a fire, no matter how light, and every precaution should 

 be taken to guard against fire, especially during unfavorable 

 seasons. In extreme cases it may even be necessary to prohibit 

 trespass through the plantation so as to avoid the danger from 

 unextinguished matches and cigarette and cigar butts. 



The main precautionary methods to be adopted against fire 

 are close planting to prevent the growth of weeds and brush, 

 care in burning grass on adjoining land, and a fire guard or 

 patrol for a short time during unusually dry and dangerous sea- 

 sons. With a moderate amount of care and vigilance the fire 

 danger should hot be a great deterrent to the successful cultiva- 

 tion of Eucalyptus in Hawaii. 



Cattle, horses and pigs must be kept out of a young tree plan- 

 tation. The animals bite off the young shoots, injure the bark y 

 and trample down the trees without great benefit to themselves, 

 for the Eucalyptus, at best, is but poor fodder, and there is noth- 

 ing gained in letting the animals roam at will in young growth. 

 After the trees have reached some size th'e harm done is greatly 

 reduced, but even when they are 4 or 5 inches in diameter and 

 25 or 30 feet high cattle may cause considerable damage by 

 tramping and packing the soil and exposing the roots, especially 

 during the rainy weather, when the soil is wet and easily packed. 



On some stock ranches in Hawaii eucalypts are planted for 

 the express purpose of furnishing shade to cattle during the hot 

 season, and shelter against rain and cold. Under such circum- 

 stances the value of the trees for timber and fuel is a secondary 

 consideration, and it is only necessary to protect the trees long 

 enough to insure their successful establishment. A cattle-proof 

 fence for the first five or six years will usually accomplish this 

 object. At the end of that time the fence may be taken down 

 and moved to a place where a new plantation is to be established. 



Where the primary object of a plantation is to raise timber 

 trees, cattle should be kept out until the trees have reached a 

 diameter of a least 4 inches. 



