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to be planted is not extensive, or where the ground cover is very 

 light, consisting mostly of grass, the entire area is cleared with 

 a scythe, cane knife, brush-hook or ax. 



2. Where the above conditions do not exist, instead of clear- 

 ing the entire area, only alternate strips are cleared wide enough 

 to allow the trees planted in these strips room for growth and 

 development, while the ground cover on the intermediate strips 

 is left untouched. 



3. Where the ground cover is not very heavy, the land is 

 cleared only in patches immediately around the holes where the 

 trees are to be set out, the space cleared depending on the na- 

 ture of the cover and the kind of trees planted. A circle three 

 to four feet in diameter is usually sufficient. 



Transplanting Seedlings. 



The method of transporting the seedlings from the nursery 

 to the place where they are to be planted depends mainly on the 

 way the trees were raised in the nursery and on the nature of 

 the road or trail between the nursery and the plantation. 



In one place on the Island of Hawaii the seedlings are raised 

 in large flats about 6 or 7 feet square, and when the trees are 

 2^2 to 3 inches high the soil in the flats is thoroughly moistened 

 and the trees and soil are transferred into smaller boxes about 

 3 by 4 feet. Two of these boxes are then hung on a pole and 

 so carried by Chinese laborers to the plantation. 



When the transplant seedlings are grown directly in the nur- 

 sery beds, it is customary to take them up, dip the roots in a 

 very thick puddle, wrap the lower parts of the trees in wet 

 gunny sacks, and load them on mules, which can transport them 

 in this manner for comparatively long distances without injury. 

 If the transplants are grown in flats or boxes, it is usual to load 

 as many flats as possible on.bullock, horse or mule wagons and 

 so transport them. Pack saddles specially devised for carrying 

 seedling boxes are also in use. 



After the land is cleared of the undesirable ground cover, 

 three methods are in common use for preparing the holes to re- 

 ceive the trees : 



1. The land is plowed one or more times and the holes are 

 dug in the plow furrows with a kipikua or mattock. 



2. The land is not plowed, but circular holes are dug \ l /2 to 

 2 feet in diameter and the soil is loosened to a depth of 10 to 18 

 inches. 



