DAIRY AND FARM SEWAGE 139 



CONSTRUCTION OF A WELL 



The well itself must be so constructed that the impurities can- 

 not get into it from above or from the sides. Water should be fil- 

 tered through ten to twelve feet of fine soil. To prevent the sur- 

 face pollution, a water-tight wall should be built in a well down 

 below the water level. This can be built of hard, burned brick 

 and cemented on the outside. Clay should be pounded around 

 this. 



Where drilled wells are used, the lining of the well should be'an 

 iron tube driven into the bore and the outside should be flushed 

 with thin cement. The well should be properly covered and 

 the surrounding ground should be considerably higher than the 

 general level of the soil. The walls should extend at least three 

 feet above the surface of the ground and a ground fill *nade so 

 that it will slope from the wall. The top of the fill should be .cov- 

 ered with at least twelve inches of clay or loam, upon which it is 

 advisable to have some sod or a layer of sand, or best of all a pave- 

 ment sloping in all directions. 



Owing to the great quantity of water needed in the dairy and 

 the expense connected with the proper kind of filters, it is quite 

 impracticable to use rain water. 



CONCLUSION 



If due precautions are taken in the disposal of sewage and in 

 the proper construction of wells and care of waste and garbage, 

 there is little danger of water becoming polluted, and it will be a 

 great step toward increasing the healthfulness of dairy products. 



The attractiveness of dairy farms depends largely upon the 

 promptness with which all kinds of waste material are disposed 

 of, and while there is an abundance of space on the farm to get rid 

 of the rubbish and waste, it should be ever borne in mind that the 

 removal of garbage should also be attended to as promptly as the 

 disposal of sewage. 



