28 WOOD-USING INDUSTRIES OF MARYLAND 



the use of other woods. All that was bought was made into treenails 

 or wooden pins by which ship timbers are fastened together. Much 

 more locust was formerly used for this purpose than at present, iron 

 bolts, spikes, and nails now largely taking its place. Boat builders 

 paid $20 per thousand more for their locust than was paid by vehicle 

 manufacturers who used five times as much of it. The small quantity 

 of hackmatack reported was bought in Maine, and its chief use was 

 as knees for medium-sized vessels, while the cherry, yellow poplar, 

 white pine, and tupelo were for finish and joiner work. 



HORSE VEHICLES. 



Maryland supplied all the black gum, locust, and pitch pine de- 

 manded by the manufacturers of horse vehicles in the State, while of 

 four of the other woods no portion was state-grown. These four were 

 sugar maple, cypress, long-leaf pine, and loblolly pine. Two of these, 

 maple and loblolly pine, grow in commercial quantities in Maryland. 

 Sixteen woods in all were reported, ranging from white ash, the 

 largest in quantity, to basswood, the smallest, and from white elm, 

 the cheapest, to basswood, the highest in average price. The quantity 

 of the latter was very small, and its exceptionally high price was prob- 

 ably due to the fact that it was selected for some special purpose and 

 was of extra quality. 



The three woods heading the list, white oa>k, hickory, and white 

 elm, entered chiefly into frames, wheels, and poles and shafts of ve- 

 hicles, while the yellow poplar, white pine, cypress, and the longleaf 

 and loblolly pines were made into bodies and tops of farm wagons, 

 business wagons, mail wagons, and buggies and carriages. The most 

 of the yellow poplar was used for panels in buggies and carriages, 

 and for buggy seats. It is one of the best available woods where fine 

 finish and painting are demanded. Some of the finest decorative 

 painting on carriage bodies is upon yellow poplar. It is as smooth 

 as metal, and some prefer it because it is less liable than sheet metal 

 to be injured by dints. In some instances aluminum is substituted 

 for it. 



Practically all the black gum reported was made into hubs. Its 

 interlaced grain renders the wood very difficult to split. Hickory, 

 elm, and locust were also manufactured into hubs, the latter chiefly 



