18 DOMESTIC ANIMALS, DAIRYING, ETC. 



of Europe, notably the Percheron, show a marked effect of the intro- 

 duction of Oriental blood. 



The English Thoroughbred in many respects occupies a posi- 

 tion in England quite similar to that of the American trotter in the 

 United States. The Thoroughbred has been a potent factor in the 

 development of the English breeds of light horses. So has the 

 American trotter performed an important part in the production 

 of the various classes of light active horses. 



THE AMERICAN TROTTER. 



Origin. As the thoroughbred originated in England to supply 

 the demand for a perfect runrjing hor^e-for the sports of the English 

 gentlemen, so has the trotter been developed in America for special 

 work of fast driving upon the race track and road and for this 

 purpose surpasses all other horses. The French and Russian trotters 

 have been similarly developed in their respective countries and have 

 become creditable performers, but at all distances the American 

 trotters now hold the fastest records. The Narragansett pacers of 

 New England were our first road horses but became practically ex- 

 tinct, at the beginning of the nineteenth century. About the year 

 1788, when Messenger was imported, trotters were becoming popular 

 and, since then, have been bred in increasing numbers and of grad- 

 ually increasing speed. Messenger sired Mambrino and the latter 

 Mambrino Paymaster and Abdallah and from these have sprung 

 Mambrino Chief and Rysdyk's Hambletonian, respectively, both 

 founders of noted families. The dam of Rysdyk's was the "Charles 

 Kent Mare," sired by Bellfounder, a Hackney, foaled in Norfolk, 

 England. The leading families are (1) Hambletonian, founded by 

 Rysdyk's Hambletonian (Hambletonian 10), including such noted 

 sires as George Wilkes, Electioneer, Happy Medium, Abdallah 15, 

 Robert MacGregor, Almont, Belmont, Nutwood, Dictator, etc. (2) 

 Mambrino Chief, including Mambrino Patchen, Clark Chief, etc. 

 (3) Clay, founded by Andrew Jackson, and tracing to Arabian an- 

 cestry and including, among the most noted, The Moor, Henry 

 Clay, Young Clay, Pilot, etc. (4) Morgan, founded by Justin Mor- 

 gan, of which Ethan Allen, Daniel Lambert, Ben Franklin, and 

 General Knox are the most noted. (5) Pilot, the most noted of 

 which was Pilot, Jr. The Hambletonian blood when fused with any 

 of these has been especially prolific in producing performers. 



In the breeding of horses for the race track nearly everything 

 has been sacrificed for extreme speed. This one requirement alone 

 has been the leading factor. Beauty of form and of action become 

 not only unnecessary qualities but positive hindrances in speed per- 

 formances. The beautifully arched neck that is so highly prized 

 in the carriage horse becomes entirely superfluous in horses main- 

 tained for racing purposes. (Wis. B. 127.) 



THE HACKNEY. 



Origin. This breed originated in the County of Norfolk, Eng- 

 land, through crossing thoroughbred stallions with Norfolk trotting 

 mares which were then noted for speed and endurance. Darley 



