38 DOMESTIC ANIMALS, DAIRYING, ETC. 



grades are slightly blemished or may have a little more age than is 

 desired. 



Action. Southern Chunks should have all-round good action. 

 Because of the fact that they possess more of the light horse blood 

 and build than of the draft, they should have better action than 

 either Eastern or Farm Chunks. The form of action in folding of 

 knees and flexing of hocks should be much the same as in Farm 

 Chunks except that there should be more snap and vigor in the 

 movements and less awkwardness. 



Demand. The supply of Southern Chunks being larger than 

 the demand causes them to sell as comparatively cheap horses. As 

 a general rule the demand for southern horses begins in September 

 and October and gradually increases until January, February and 

 March, when the demand is greatest. From this time on trade 

 weakens, the summer months being usually dull, and revives again 

 in the autumn. 



WAGON HORSES. 



Under this general term are grouped horses which are used 

 principally where business requires quick delivery. Such horses 

 must be closely coupled, compactly built, with plenty of constitu- 

 tion and stamina. They must be good actors, have a good clean set 

 of limbs with plenty of bone and quality, and a good foot that will 

 stand the wear of paved streets. In this class are Express horses, De- 

 livery "Wagon horses, Artillery horses, and Fire horses. 



EXPRESS HORSES. 



Express horses are used by express companies in the collecting 

 and delivering of goods to and from railroad stations. Different 

 express companies use horses of slightly different size and weight, 

 this being determined by the nature and weight of goods handled 

 and territory from which trade is drawn. For instance, if the business 

 of a company is centrally located in a city, and depots are not far 

 apart, they use larger horses and load heavier than if the business is 

 done in the outlying parts of a city, and the depots a considerable dis- 

 tance apart, in which case lighter horses with more action are wanted. 

 They are used singly or in pairs, and the size of the horse will depend 

 on the weight of the wagon to which he is hitched. The lightest ones 

 are called money horses, as they are hitched to the lightest wagons to 

 deliver valuables, this kind of work demanding quick service. 



Conformation, Height, and Weight. The typical Expresser is 

 rather an upstanding, deep bodied, closely coupled horse with good 

 bone, an abundance of quality, energy, and spirit. He should 

 stand from 15-3 to 16-2 hands high and weigh from 1350 to 1500 

 pounds in good flesh, the average express horse being 16 to 16-1 

 hands high and weighing around 1400 pounds in working condi* 

 tion. His head should be neat, his neck of good length and crest 

 well developed. His shoulder should be obliquely set, coupled 

 with a short, well muscled back and strong loin. His croup should 

 be broad, rounding and well muscled, his quarters deep and thighs 

 broad. He should not be goose-rumped nor cut up in the flank. 



