40 DOMESTIC ANIMALS, DAIRYING, ETC. 



and erect; forehead broad and full; eyes, large, prominent and 

 mild, with well developed brow and fine eyelid; vision perfect in 

 every respect; muzzle small and fine; mouth deep; lips thin and 

 firmly compressed; nostril large and fine; and branches of under- 

 jaw (adjoining neck) wide apart. 



Neck. Moderately long and tapering toward the head, with 

 crest firm and longer than underside ; mane fine and intact. 



Withers. Elevated, not unduly fine, well developed and mus- 

 cled. 



Shoulders. Long, oblique, well packed with muscle, not too 

 heavy, smooth, rounded, and so formed as properly to support the 

 collar. 



Chest. High, wide, very deep; plump in front, and full. 



Fore Legs. Vertical, and properly placed; with elbow large, 

 long, prominent, clear of chest, and well placed; forearm wide, 

 thick, long, heavily muscled, and vertical. 



Knees. Neatly outlined, large, prominent, wide in front, well 

 situated, and well directed. 



Back. Short, straight, and well muscled. 



Loins. Broad, straight, very short and muscular. 



Barrel. Large, increasing in size towards flanks, with ribs 

 well arched and definitely separated. 



Hind Quarters. Wide, thick, very long, full, heavily mus- 

 cled, rounded externally, and well directed. 



Tail. Fine and intact; well carried and firm. 



Hocks. Neatly outlined, lean, large, wide from front to rear, 

 and well directed. 



Limbs. From knees and hocks downward, vertical, short, 

 wide laterally, with tendons and ligaments standing well out from 

 bone and distinctly defined. 



Pasterns. Strong, medium length, not too oblique, and well 

 directed. 



Feet. Medium size, circular in shape, sound; with horn dark, 

 smooth, and fine of texture ; sole moderately concave, and frog well 

 developed, sound, firm, large, elastic, and healthy. 



Each horse will be subject to a rigid inspection, and any animal 

 that does not meet the above requirements should be rejected. 



Demand. The demand for Artillery horses is rather spas- 

 modic, at some times being much greater than at others. Con- 

 tracts are given to the lowest responsible bidder to supply them in 

 large numbers by a specified time. Because of the rigid examina- 

 tion and requirements of official inspectors, many men have lost 

 money in filling contracts. (111. B. 122.) 



FIRE HORSES. 



The Fire horse is more rangy in conformation than the Ex- 

 presser, he being required to throw weight into the collar and often 

 to take long runs. The limits of the class are narrow, there being 

 only two grades, choice and good. The requirements are very rigid, 

 and the demand limited, coming only from the fire companies of 

 the cities. 



