58 DOMESTIC ANIMALS, DAIRYING, ETC. 



nishes 1.25 pounds protein and 69,850 calories per hundred pounds. 

 Ten pounds would therefore furnish 0.13 pound protein (1.25X 

 0.10=0.13) and 6,985 calories (69,850x0.10=6,985). The sum 

 of the nutrients furnished by 11 pounds of oats and 10 pounds of hay 

 would therefore be 1.16 pounds protein and 20,415 calories, or 1.34 

 pounds of protein and 11,585 calories less than the standard calls 

 for. This may be made up by adding more oats, hay, or other 

 feeding stuff. The amount of oats required to furnish the necessary 

 protein may be learned from the proportion 100:9.39::z:1.34; or, 

 in other words, by dividing 104 by 9.39, which gives 11.07. This 

 quantity of oats would also furnish 13,517 calories, making the 

 total protein of the ration 2.2 pounds and the total fuel value 33,- 

 932 calories. The fuel value of the ration is in excess of the stand- 

 ard, though the agreement is close enough for all practical purposes. 

 It will be remembered that it is not necessary that the amounts 

 furnished in a ration shall exactly equal those called for by the 

 standard, but rather that they approximate them, being greater 

 rather than less. (Agr. Dep. F. B. 170.) 



CARE OF STALLIONS. 



The proper care of stallions does not differ materially from 

 the care of other breeding animals. Enough of good wholesome 

 food and water, plenty of exercise, grooming and general cleanli- 

 ness, along with regular attention, are the principal factors requisite 

 to their best welfare. Many stallions fail to be sure sires simply be- 

 cause of lack of exercise or an overgenerous allowance of poor food, 

 two factors which, acting together, cannot lead to the best results. 

 The swollen or scurvy legs so often seen on stallions are generally the 

 result of insufficient exercise and lack of cleanliness. 



Generally speaking, there is no good reason why a stallion 

 should not be put to work. Such treatment insures regular feeding, 

 grooming, exercise, and will give him the privilege of association 

 with other horses. It will do away with the solitary confinement 

 and irregular attention of which he is otherwise the recipient. 



If, under ordinary conditions, at the close of the breeding sea- 

 son a stallion is pressed into regular service and accustomed to work 

 gradually, he will be the better for it in the end. Association with 

 other horses will come to be a regular occurrence, and the obnox- 

 ious actions so common to stallions in harness will become less fre- 

 quent. As a horse in regular service he then receives regular care 

 and exercise. If he be from any of the lighter breeds as saddler or 

 trotter it is by no means advisable to use him, for a kind of work 

 for which he was never intended. (Mo. Cir. of Information 27.) 



CARE OF MARES. 



The principles governing the care of mares are identical with 

 those governing the care of stallions but the customary treatment 

 differs greatly. On the average farm the problem of enough exer- 

 cise is not troublesome. The great difficulty is to find help that will 

 handle a pair of brood mares carefully. Mares carrying foals may 

 work up to within ten days of the date of foaling, and be benefited 

 by it. They should be given moderate but steady work. Mares in foal 



