BREEDS OF HORSES 63 



warm slippery elm bark tea, flaxseed tea, sweet oil, or a mixture of 

 equal parts of cream, molasses and warm water, and repeat in 12 

 haul's if required. Harm may be done by injecting a large quantity 

 of strong, soapy warm water with an ordinary horse syringe. A 

 fountain syringe is to be preferred and small, hard rubber nozzle, or 

 a small, clean rubber hose and funnel. Smear vaseline or lard on 

 the nozzle and in rectum before giving the injection. If the bowels 

 do not move within 24 hours from birth and the foal seems sick, 

 shake up two to four tablespoonfuls of pure castor oil in milk, or a 

 mixture of equal quantities of castor oil and sweet oil, according to 

 size of foal, and give as one dose. Then continue the injections at 

 intervals of six hours. 



Raising an Orphan Foal by Hand. In case the mare dies or 

 has no milk the foal may be raised on cows' milk, if the attendant 

 conducts the work patiently and intelligently. Choose the milk of 

 a cow that has recently calved, preferably one which gives milk low 

 in butterfat, for mares' milk while rich in sugar, is poor in fat. 

 Sweeten the milk with molasses or sugar and dilute with warm water. 

 Give a little of this prepared milk at short intervals from a scalded 

 nursing bottle and large rubber nipple. Be careful to keep the bot- 

 tle anoT nipple scrupulously clean. Add an ounce of lime water to 

 each pint of the prepared milk and allow half a cupful once an hour 

 at first. 



As the foal grows, gradually increase the amount of milk fed 

 and lengthen the intervals between meals. In a few days food may 

 be given six times a day and, later, four times daily. The foal will 

 soon learn to drink from a pail, if allowed to suck the attendant's 

 fingers at first. 



Until the bowels move freely, give rectal injections night and 

 morning. If the foal scours at any time give two to four tablespoon- 

 fuls of a mixture of sweet oil and pure castor oil shaken up in milk 

 and stop feeding milk for two or three meals, allowing sweetened 

 warm water and limewater instead. Let the foal lick oatmeal as 

 soon as it will eat and gradually increase the amount and add wheat 

 bran. In five or six weeks some sweet, skimmilk may be given and 

 the amount gradually increased daily until, in three months or so, 

 it may be given freely three times a day in place of new milk. The 

 foal at this age also will be eating freely of grass, grain and bran. 



At all times supply pure cold drinking water. Let the foal run 

 out in a lot or grass paddock for exercise. Accustom it to be han- 

 dled daily. Feed small quantities of nutritious food often, keeping 

 all food vessels clean and the foal should thrive and develop well. 

 (Wis. Cir. 13.) 



HORSE FEEDING. 



'Amount of Grain to Feed. While no definite rule can be made 

 that will apply with equal value in all cases as to the proper amount 

 of grain to feed per day to work horses, yet from actual experiments 

 it has been ascertained that the limits from one-fifth to one and 

 one-third pounds of grain per hundred pounds of live weight and 

 from one to one and one-fourth pounds of hay form a comparatively 

 safe one to follow. 



