100 DOMESTIC ANIMALS, DAIRYING, ETC. 



Teeth. Examine for diseased, missing or projecting molars; 

 overlapping incisors (parrot mouth) ; bishoping (artificial mark- 

 ing of the incisor teeth to alter indications of age) and under-shot 

 jaw. 



Tongue. See that the tongue is intact and healthy. Part of it 

 may be missing, or mutilations present. See that floor of mouth 

 is sound where bit rests. 



Under Jaw. Look for discharging, or plugged fistula of sal- 

 ivary duct or one connecting with a molar tooth root ; abscesses and 

 tumors. 



Neck. Broken crest in stallions; sores; skin disease; watch for 

 artificially braided in mane. 



Withers. Fistula of the withers, acute, chronic or healed; col- 

 lar sores. 



Shoulder. Collar boils; fibroid tumors from bruising; sweeney ; 

 fistula or abscess. 



Elbow. Shoe boil, from bruising of point of elbow. 



Knee. Scars from broken knee, due to falling; puffs; buck 

 knee (bent forward); calf knee (bent backward); high splint; 

 capped knee. 



Canons. Splints are abnormal bony growths formed at the 

 sides of the canon bones where the small splint bones (metacarpals 

 in front, metatarsals in hind leg) overlie the large canon bones. 

 They are objectionable, may cause lameness when forming, are often 

 an indication of light bone, but ordinarily should not be deemed to 

 constitute hereditary unsoundness. If found on all legs, of large 

 size and associated with other bony growths (exostoses) they may 

 indicate a hereditary tendency to such bony growths (bony diathe- 

 sis) and the animal should be rejected for 'breeding purposes. Ex- 

 amine back tendons for thickening or bowed condition. In examin- 

 ing horses having hairy legs search for evidences of grease and grease 

 heel, such as old scars, fissures, grape-like growths or discharge 

 having bad odor; also for scratches. 



Fetlocks. 'Seat of puffs (wind galls) , interfering sores ; knuck- 

 ling or cocked ankles; grease, grease heel and scratches. Examine 

 on, just above or below for scars of unnerving (neurotomy). 



Pasterns. Seat of ringbones; a serious, hereditary unsound- 

 ness. These bony growths are found on the upper, middle or lower 

 portions of the pastern bones, may partially or wholly encircle the 

 bone, and in aggravated cases, cause lameness and involve and inter- 

 fere with the proper action of the fetlock joint above, or with the 

 coffin joint at the lower end of the pastern bone. They give a bulg- 

 ing appearance to the part of the bone affected, have the feel of bone 

 and constitute unsoundness. In work horses ringbone involving a 

 fore pastern is much more serious than ringbone on the hind pastern. 



Coronets (hoof heads). Sidebones are located under the skin 

 of the coronet, at the quarters. They are due to the lateral cartilages 

 at these parts changing to bone. When present they may be detected 

 as prominent, hard, bony masses protruding above the hoof at the 

 Bides of the feet towards the heels and bulging the hoof under the 



