188 DOMESTIC ANIMALS, DAIRYING, ETC. 



In feeding dried blood a teaspoonful at a feed is a great plenty. 

 This should be continued until the scours disappear, or, in the case 

 of a weak calf, the allowance may be increased to a tablespoonful 

 per feed. The blood should be thoroughly mixed with the milk to 

 prevent its settling to the bottom of the pail. The packing com- 

 panies are now making soluble blood-meal that is claimed to dis- 

 solve in milk much more readily than the regular dried blood. No 

 dried blood should be used that has not been thoroughly sterilized ; 

 otherwise it would be comparatively easy to carry disease into the 

 herd. In severe cases of scours, the addition of one or two eggs with 

 the dried blood has been found to be very effective. 



Another remedy that has been found to be successful is to give 

 from one to two ounces of castor-oil in the morning, and follow in 

 about twelve hours with fifteen to twenty drops of laudanum and a 

 teaspoonful of dried blood. If the case is a persistent one, one or 

 two raw eggs may be added, as mentioned above, which will help to 

 keep the calf from suffering from hunger, as, under such conditions, 

 it is useless yes, worse than useless to give it much milk. (Kan. 

 B. 126.) 



Dairy By-Products as Substitutes for Milk. This dairy by- 

 product is of practically the same composition as skim milk. There 

 is little question if it has not the same feeding value as sour skim 

 milk. Experiments show that calves fed buttermilk make good 

 gains and may even be less subject to scours than those fed skim 

 milk. Where buttermilk is fed special effort should be made to have 

 its condition at feeding time as nearly uniform as possible. 



Whey has the casein as well as the butter fat removed and hence 

 is a much less valuable feed than skim milk; a good grain ration 

 must be carefully selected as a supplementary feed. The calf to be 

 fed on whey should receive whole milk for the first week or two ; it 

 can then be changed to skim milk. If this is not available it should 

 be continued on whole milk. A calf will do better not to receive 

 whey for five or six weeks. It will take ten days to two weeks more 

 to complete the change to whey. Calves will handle about the same 

 amount of whey as skim milk, viz., 14 to 16 pounds daily per calf. 

 An excessive amount may cause undue largeness of the paunch. 

 The feeder will need to give more care and attention to calves fed on 

 whey than to those fed on milk. The grain for whey-fed calves 

 should be selected for its constipating effect so as to counteract the 

 tendency to scours. Oats, sorghum seed, shelled corn, or middlings 

 (as part of the ration) are good for the purpose. Avoid soy beans 

 and other grains that have a loosening effect. For roughage, mixed 

 hay is probably the best. Alfalfa, clover or silage should be fed 

 sparingly until the feeder knows whether the calves can handle them 

 without scouring. (Wis. B. 192.) 



Calf Meal as a Substitute for Milk. The food requirements for 

 a given gain increases with the age of animals. The steer requires 

 7.4 pounds of digestible organic matter to produce one pound in- 

 crease in live weight, while the calf makes the same gain from 1.57 

 pounds of dry matter. To secure these economic gains, the ration 



