BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE 281 



Water and salt should be before them all the time, and both should 

 be palatable. We prefer fresh salt and place it in the boxes under 

 the shed. Fresh salt should be placed in the boxes at least twice 

 each week, and care must be taken to see that the salt does not cake 

 and harden. If it does the calves will not eat enough for best results. 



The best results will be obtained by feeding the grain mixed with 

 the roughage, and the mixing is best when done in such a way that 

 each particle of grain is taken into the mouth attached to a piece of 

 roughage. When this is done the calves chew the greater part of 

 the grain over a second time with the cud. Greater gains are made 

 from each hundred pounds of gain, and scouring and getting off feed 

 are not troublesome. (Kan. B. 113.) 



In stormy weather it will pay the feeder to stay in the feed-lots 

 with the calves all day. In bad weather a calf feels "blue," just 

 as a human being, and often, if left to himself, will not eat. When 

 a calf does not eat he will not gain. At such times, if the feeder 

 who has petted his calves will stay in the feed-lot, stir up the feed in 

 one box, freshen it in another, and offer a handful to the calf that is 

 not eating, the calf will come around his feeder for companionship, 

 and, after he has had a few mouthfuls of feed, will find that he is 

 hungry and will eat a hearty meal. The calf makes a good gain from 

 that day's feed. Care and kindness do not cost money, but come 

 from thoughtfulness and love for animals. They pay. 



What Does the Production of Baby Beef Mean? Nothing to 

 the ranchman who has cheap pastures; a complete change in the 

 methods of crop-production and of feeding to the farmer with high- 

 priced, limited pastures. The farmer who raises and fattens mature 

 steers has to furnish pasture for his cows, the yearlings, the two- 

 year olds, and often for the three-year-old steers. He waits three 

 years from the time the calf is born until he realizes on the invest- 

 ment, and only one-fourth of his herd are cows producing calves. 

 If the farmer will produce baby beef, he can fill his pasture to the 

 full limit with cows producing calves, and he will realize on the calves 

 twelve months from the date of their birth. Capital is turned an- 

 nually instead of once in every three years. The farmer's grain 

 will produce from 50 to 100 per cent more pounds of baby beef than 

 it will of beef from a mature steer, and for the past three years the 

 baby-beef animal has sold for as high prices per hundred as has the 

 average steer. In producing baby beef, the farmer can market his 

 heifer calves at the same price as his steers, and will usually get 

 more for the twelve-months-old heifer than he would for the same 

 animal if kept until maturity. (Kan. B. 113.) 



Quick Returns Saving in Pasture. The production of baby 

 beef gives quick returns on the investment. The farmer who raises 

 and fattens mature steers has to furnish pasture for his cows, the 

 yearlings, the two-year-olds, and often for the three-year-old steers. 

 He waits three years from the time the calf is born until he realizes 

 on his investment, and only one-fourth of his herd are cows produc- 

 ing calves. If the farmer will produce baby beef he can fill his 



