324 DOMESTIC ANIMALS, DAIRYING, ETC. 



new process meal containing only one-half as much crude fat and 

 from one to two per cent more crude protein. (Ind. B. 141.) 



At the oil mills after the flaxseed is crushed there are two ways 

 of removing the oil. The first, known as the old process, consists of 

 crushed flaxseed heated and placed in sacks which are piled one on 

 another and the mass subjected to hydraulic pressure to extract the 

 oil. After the oil has been pressed out, the residue, after it is 

 stripped of its coverings appears in the form of slabs about one inch 

 thick, one foot wide, and two feet long. In this form it is shipped 

 abroad as it is then in its purest form and contains no adulterations. 

 In this country it is usually ground up and sold in the form of meal, 

 known as old process oil meal. The new process oil meal has been 

 treated in a different way by the use of chemicals and steam, and 

 contains about the same amount of digestible protein and carbohy- 

 drates but not nearly so much fat. A simple test to distinguish old 

 process oil meal as outlined is as follows: Pulverize a small quan- 

 tity of the meal and put a level tablespoonful of it in a tumbler; 

 then add ten tablespoonfuls of boiling hot water to the meal, stir 

 thoroughly and leave to settle. If the meal is new process meal it 

 will settle in the course of an hour and will leave about half of the 

 water clear on top. Old process meal will remain jelly like. (la. 

 B. 66.) 



In making cold pressure linseed cake the flaxseed is run 

 through a screw press and the oil extracted by pressure, the process 

 being similar to that employed in the production of cold pressed cot- 

 ton seed cake. Ground flaxseed cake is a term used to designate a 

 low grade linseed meal made of inferior flaxseed. Flax Screenings 

 consist of the broken flaxseed, hulls, weed seeds and other foreign 

 materials separated in preparing the flaxseed for the manufacture of 

 linseed oil. 



From Flax. Flax Bran as used by manufacturers of com- 

 pounded feeds is of variable composition and ingredients, but usually 

 consists of flax pods, flax stems from which the tow has been ex- 

 tracted, and small flax seeds. The pods and stems are invariably 

 present in largest amount. This product is sometimes used as an 

 adulterant for alfalfa. 



From Cotton Seed. Cotton Seed Cake is the residue of cotton 

 seed from which the oil has been extracted after removal of the 

 hulls. In the process of extracting the oil from cotton seeds they 

 are first delinted, the hulls removed, the meats and such hulls as 

 cannot be separated cooked, wrapped in cloths, placed in presses 

 and all the oil possible extracted by pressure. The residue in the 

 cloths from the extraction is cotton seed cake. Cotton Seed Meal is 

 ground cotton seed cake. It is rich in both crude fat and crude 

 protein, relatively low in crude fiber and is highly regarded as a 

 concentrated feeding stuff. 



Cold Pressed Cotton Seed Cake consists of the residue from 

 cotton seeds after extraction of the oil by what is known as the cold 

 pressure system. In preparing this material the cotton seeds are 

 delinted and the entire seed without heating or hulling is put into 



