330 DOMESTIC ANIMALS, DAIRYING, ETC. 



nothing but hot water at the factory. Through the process of fer- 

 mentation from long keeping butyric and acetic acids develop in 

 pulp, but we have no accounts of any injurious effects from feeding 

 fermented pulp. 



The greatest difficulty with pulp feeding is that the large 

 amount of water it contains makes it heavy and rather expensive to 

 handle, and it is sometimes difficult to keep the animals dry and 

 comfortable while feeding large amounts of it. The feeder who is 

 near the factory and has the appliances so arranged that he can 

 handle the pulp with the least expense, should make the greatest use 

 of pulp and will gain the greatest profit from its use. If it can be 

 placed before stock at a cost of not more than one dollar per ton, we 

 believe it will bring good returns for the investment, and in many 

 instances it may be worth two or three times this amount. Whether 

 fresh, fermented, or dry, beet pulp is a valuable stock food, and one 

 of which our farmers should make the largest possible use. (Colo. 

 B. 73.) 



BEET PULP AND CORN MEAL. 



The conclusions to be drawn from these three feeding trials, in 

 comparison of dried beet pulp and corn meal for fattening steers 

 are: Beet pulp produced gain cheaper than corn meal. The ab- 

 solute gains produced by feeding beet pulp were practically the same 

 as from feeding corn meal. The gains of the pulp fed steers were in 

 the nature of growth and development, the corn-meal produced fat 

 and finish. As a result, at the end of the feeding period, the corn 

 meal steers were in better condition for market than the others. For 

 growing animals, beet pulp produced the greatest gains. For ani- 

 mals in a condition for finishing corn meal gave the most rapid 

 gains. 



From this it would be safe to conclude that in the earlier part of 

 the feeding period, beet pulp could be fed in a larger quantity to ad- 

 vantage, because of its cheapness and at the same time ability to pro- 

 duce gain rapidly. During the finishing period it should, however, 

 be replaced at least in a large measure by corn meal, which possesses 

 more value for finishing purposes. The corn meal is a much more 

 concentrated feed, hence its especial value for forcing at the close of 

 the feeding period when beet pulp could not be used on account of 

 the bulky character rendering it impossible to feed sufficient quantity 

 for the best results. These trials show that a thousand-pound steer 

 will not consume over 10 Ibs. of dried beet pulp in a day. (Mich. 

 B. 247.) 



CONDIMENTAL AND MEDICINAL STOCK AND POULTRY FOODS. 



Food Ingredients. The chemist and microscopist have found 

 these foods to consist principally of ordinary grains and concentrates, 

 such as wheat by-products (bran and middlings) and corn meal. In 

 some oases a few hundred pounds to the ton of linseed, cottonseed 

 and occasionally meat and bone meal have been added, obviously to 

 increase the amount of protein ; such mixtures contained from 10 to 

 20 per cent of that nutrient, Occasionally the presence of consider- 



