462 LIQUID PARTS OF ANIMALS. 



24 had a deep -yellow colour. 

 27 had a red colour. 

 7 had a greenish colour. 

 7 had a brown colour.* 



The smell of urine is varied by causes apparently trifling. 

 Asparagus gives it a peculiar fetid odour, while oil of turpen- 

 tine taken into the stomach soon communicates to urine the smell 

 of violets. In many individuals almost every article of food pro- 

 duces a corresponding change on the odour of urine. In the 

 disease called diabetes the urine has a peculiar odour, not easily 

 described. Perhaps the term sweetish might be applied to it. 



The specific gravity of urine varies very much according to 

 circumstances. The following table exhibits the extremes as 

 stated by various chemists and physiologists : 



Cruikshanks. Chossat. Lecanu. Thomson. 



Maximum, 1-033 . 1-0388 . 1-038 . 1*048 

 Minimum, 1-005 . 1-0016 . . 1-010 . 1-000148 

 Both, of the urines whose specific gravity were determined by 

 me, were the urines of disease. The first in a case of diabetes, 

 and the second in a case of hysteria. 



The following table exhibits the mean specific gravity of the 

 urine of eight individuals experimented on by Chossat. f The 

 second column gives the mean quantity of solid matter in the 

 urine of each individual passed in twenty-four hours : 



Sp. gravity. Solid contents 



in Grains. 



1-0127 ijj* fctfcfl 307-5 



1-0156 . .-, . 389. 



1-0178 ;,./ ,-;.< 390-6 



1-0213 ? . 500'4 



1-0222 Jvfo . 513-1 



1-0232 .1 . 534-3 



1-0240 >, :-- . 510-9 



1-0264 568-2 



Mean, 1-0204 464-25 



According to this table of Chossat the mean specific gravity of 

 urine in a state of health is 1-0204. I have found the mean spe- 



* Jour, de Pharm. xxvi. 202. f Jour, de Physiol. v. 197. 



