URINE. 497 



yielded 6 ounces and 5 drachms of this deposit. It consisted of 

 carbonates of lime and magnesia with a little iron and silica, and 

 a small quantity of an animal substance containing azote. 



The smell of the urine was peculiar, and had some resemblance 

 to that of bruised ants. It effervesced strongly with acids. Its 

 colour after filtration was dark-yellow. Even after filtration it 

 continued to effervesce on the addition of acids. It very slight- 

 ly reddened litmus-paper. When boiled it became brown, and 

 ceased to act on litmus-paper, and hardly became muddy when 

 mixed with oxalate of ammonia. 

 This urine contained, 



Mucus. Bicarbonate of lime. 



Urea. Sulphate of lime. 



Sulphuretted hydrogen. Carbonate of magnesia. 



Carbonate of ammonia. Silica. 



Hippurate of potash ? Iron. 



Chloride of potassium. 



XII. The urine of the elephant was also examined by M. Vo- 

 gel.* Its colour was the same as that of the rhinoceros but not 

 so dark. It gave a green colour to syrup of violets, deposited 

 less sediment on cooling than the urine of the rhinoceros, and 

 gave out when heated less carbonic acid and sulphuretted hydro- 

 gen. Its constituents were similar to those of the preceding 

 urine. But it contained more mucus, urea, and carbonate of am- 

 monia, and less carbonate of lime, and carbonate of magnesia, 

 and no hippuric acid. 



XIII. The urine of the beaver has a striking resemblance to 

 that of herbivorous animals in general. Vauquelin f extracted 

 from it the following substances : 



Mucus. Sulphate of potash. 



Urea. Chlorides of potassium and so- 



Hippurate of potash ? dium. 



Carbonates of lime and Colouring matter. 



magnesia. Trace of iron. 



Acetate of magnesia. 



XIV. The urine of the lion, tiger, hyaena, and leopard, when 

 quite fresh, reddened litmus-paper ; but speedily becomes neutral 

 and then alkaline.J It contains uric acid. Vauquelin made 



* Schweigger's Jour. xix. p. 162. f Ann. de Chim. Ixxxii. 201. 



J Stromeyer, Edin. Jour, of Science, xviii. 356. 



i i 



