CONCENTRATED FOODS 269 



profitable flour than the old-fashioned method of stone grind- 

 ing. The actual yield, of course, varies both with the kind 

 of wheat and the method employed ; but in general, TOO Ibs. 

 of grain yield from 70 to 75 Ibs. of flour, of all qualities, and 

 from 25 to 30 Ibs. of offals of all kinds. 



Barley. The structure of the grain resembles that of wheat, 

 but the process of milling to which it is subjected is very 

 different. In this case the object is to remove only the husk 

 and outer layers without breaking the grain. The outer coat, 

 which is first removed, is known as " coarse dust." It consists 

 almost entirely of husk, and is of little use for feeding. The 

 second or under layer, called fine dust or barley bran, is 

 much richer in nitrogenous matter and fat. It is a valuable 

 feeding stuff, but the supply is not plentiful. The kernel 

 which remains is known commercially as " pot barley." By 

 further treatment it is reduced to " pearl barley," and the 

 offal obtained in this process is known as pearl dust. It 

 corresponds approximately to wheat middlings and contains 

 a considerable amount of starchy matter. 



Barley is used to a considerable extent usually in the 

 form of a coarse meal as a feeding stuff. It has been found 

 peculiarly suitable for fattening pigs, but may also be given 

 to other animals. The wide differences often noticeable in 

 statements of the composition of barley may be attributed 

 mainly to differences in the samples. Larger amounts of 

 husk appear to have been included in some cases than in 

 others. 



The best qualities of barley are chiefly used for malting 

 and the malt coombs or dust, i.e. the sprouts of the germinated 

 seeds, and the residues from breweries and distilleries (q.v.) 

 are of perhaps even greater importance as feeding stuffs than 

 the barley grain itself. The high price of malt precludes the 

 use of this stuff for feeding ; but when large amounts of 

 starchy foods are given to fattening animals, the addition 

 of a little malt has proved beneficial. It probably renders 

 the starch more easily digestible, but it has a rather laxative 

 effect. 



Eye. At prices now prevailing, rye is the cheapest of the 



