COLOURS AND PATTERNS OF MAMMALS 93 



primitive type of animal that has survived. In the Indian 

 chevrotain and the African water chevrotain, the bodies of the 

 young and adults are alike, reddish- brown, and much spotted with 

 v/hite, the spots being often joined to form bands. In the adults 

 of two other species found in the Malay archipelago the coloration 

 is more uniform, darker above and lighter below ; the smaller one 

 shows traces of faint lines recalling those of other chevrotains, and 

 these are more strongly marked in the younger animals. I have 

 been unable to find any account of the pattern of the very young 

 individuals, but it is highly probable that it is spotted or striped. 



In the Bactrian camel, the dromedary, and in their American 

 allies, the wild vicugna and huanaco, and the domesticated llama 

 and alpaca, the young are rather paler and more uniformly coloured 

 than the adults, but resemble them very closely. 



If we turn now to the non-ruminant, cloven-footed Ungulates, we 

 find some more cases of differences between the young and the adults 

 which are not readily explained as direct adaptations for protection. 

 In all the true wild swine the young are paler and pinker than 

 the adults, in which there is almost always much dark brown and 

 black. The little pigs are pale or reddish- brown, and are marked with 

 longitudinal rows of stripes, rather faint and irregular, and partly 

 broken into spots. So also the young of the pigmy hog, the river-hogs 

 and the wart-hogs are striped. Certainly these animals haunt ground 

 where a striped pattern might aid in making them less visible, but 

 the stripes are faint, and not sufficiently clearly marked on the ground 

 colour to have much effect, whilst the parents guard their young 

 with so great devotion and with so powerful weapons that the little 

 pigs have no need of concealment. It is much more probable that 

 this is another example of natural growth pattern. The curious 

 babirussa of Celebes is uniformly coloured in the young and in the 

 adult, and the American peccaries have the same pattern when 

 young and adult. 



The hippopotamus is self-coloured, and its young differ from it 

 only in being much paler and pinker. 



Among the Odd-toed Ungulates, the tapirs, rhinoceroses and 

 horses, it is only the tapirs that present a striking case of difference in 

 pattern between young and adults. The full-grown American tapirs 

 (see Plate VI, p. 94) are nearly uniformly coloured, dark grey-brown 

 or black above, a little lighter below, but with a white line round 

 the edge of the shell of the ear. The Malay tapir has the head, 

 orequarters and legs very dark brown to black, but the whole of the 



