18 CITRUS FRUITS AND THEIR CULTURE. 



and Shaddock. A tree twenty to forty feet in height, with a 

 rounded or conical head and a trunk upwards of eighteen inches 

 in diameter; bark smooth, grayish brown; young leaves and 

 shoots sparsely pubescent, light green; leaves ovate, blunt, 

 pointed or rounded, emarginate, smooth, dark glossy green, 

 leathery, margin crenate; petioles articulated, broadly winged; 

 flowers produced singly or in cymose clusters of two to twenty, 

 sweet-scented, calyx cupped, large; sepals four to five, pointed; 

 corolla white, 1 1-2 to 1 3-4 inches across; petals four to five, 

 slightly reflexed, fleshy, oblong; stamens twenty to twenty-five, 

 anthers large, abundantly supplied with pollen, proterandrous; 

 pistil stout, stigma when ripe covered with a sticky, milky fluid; 

 ovary eleven to fourteen loculed; fruit large, oblate, globose or 

 pyriform, light lemon or orange colored; flesh grayish or pink; 

 juice sacks large, spindle-shaped; flavor a mingling of acid, bit- 

 terness and sweetness or sub-acid; seeds large, light colored, 

 wedge-shaped or irregular, ridged with prominent ridges sur 

 rounding broad, flat areas. Native of Polynesian and Malayan 

 Archipelagoes. 



CMtriia .Ta.pnmV.a. Thunb., Fl. Jap., 292, 1784. Kumquat. A 

 shrub from eight to twelve feet high, much branched, the head 

 rather close and compact; branches when young, light green, 

 somewhat angled, becoming rounder with age, thornless or with 

 small, sharp thorns, 1-2 inch long; leaves 3-8 x 1 1-4 inches to 

 15-8x3 3-8 inches, lanceolate; apex obtuse; base acute or obtuse, 

 margin very slightly crenate down about half way from' the 

 apex, upper surface dark green, glossy, lower lighter; flowers 

 pure white, axillary, single or in pairs, occasionally in clusters 

 of as many as four borne on new or on one-year-old wood; pe- 

 duncle bracted with one or two minute bracts; calyx small, green- 

 ish; corolla 5-8 inch across when expanded; petals four to five, 

 oblong, lanceolate, fleshy; stamens unequal, short, united in a 

 ring or in two or three groups, fifteen to twenty-two in number; 

 pistil small, the ovary five to six loculed; fruit round or oblong, 

 1 to 1 1-4 inches in diameter; oil cells of the rind large and con- 

 spicuous, the inner lining of the rind sweet; pulp acid, juice 

 sacks small; seeds few, small, blunt pointed; cotyledons green or 

 greenish. Presumably a native of Cochin China. 



Citrus Medica L., Sp. PI., 2:782, 1753. Citron. A shrub or 



