40 CITRUS FRUITS AND THEIR CULTURE. 



to have known this tree, and Risso and Poiteau make no 

 mention of its culture in Europe in the first edition of 

 their Avork. Du Breuil states that in commerce a distinc- 

 tion was made between the mandarins of Parma and those 

 of Spain, Algeria, Mza and the coast of Italy. 



Bonavia says that the mandarin orange was probably 

 introduced into India from Egypt with a collection of 

 orange trees in 1847 (4) and that a second introduction; 

 was made by himself in 1863 (5). It is not improbable 

 that the mandarin oranges found their way into Egypt 

 from some one of the countries of southern Europe. 



The China mandarin, according to the best informa- 

 tion which can be secured, was brought to Louisiana by 

 the Italian Consul at New Orleans some time between 1840 

 and 1850. The first trees were planted on the grounds of 

 the consulate at Algiers, across the river from New 

 Orleans. It has been impossible to obtain the name of the 

 consul or the exact date. Shortly after, or about 1850, 

 some one of the mandarin oranges was known to northern 

 nurserymen, for Buist (6) in 1854, refers to one of them 

 as a recent introduction, valuable for pot culture. 



The introduction of the China mandarin from Louisi- 

 ana into Florida is credited to Major Atway by the com- 

 mittee of the Florida Fruit Growers' Association, and at 

 the time their report was made the original tree was grow- 

 ing in the grove of Dr. Moragne at Palatka. The acci- 

 dental substitution of one word for another, a typographi- 

 cal error, in Stubbs and Morgan's bulletin, "The Orange 

 and Other Citrus Fruits," has twisted the phraseology as 

 quoted by Moore, Reasoner and others to read, "Tree of 

 original variety introduced by Major Atway, of Bayou 



(4-5.) The Cultivated Orange of India and Ceylon. 56 and 231. 1888 

 (6.) Buist, R. American Flower-Garden Directory. 224. 1824. 



