244 CITRUS FRUITS AND THEIR CULTURE. 



freezes is not so severe on densly planted groves as it is 

 where the trees are separated by wide avenues through 

 which the wind can sweep unchecked. 



The insect problem must be considered as well. If 

 spraying or fumigating has to be adopted to control in- 

 sect pests, the trees should stand sufficiently far apart 

 to allow either of these operations to be carried on con- 

 veniently. 



In general it may be said that if the trees are planted 

 in rectangles, it is better to place them, not in squares, 

 but in oblongs, the spaces between the tree rows being 

 greater than the distance between the trees in the row. 



The following distances may be regarded as being 

 approximately correct, though much depends upon the 

 habit of growth of the different varieties in each group: 



Kumquats 10 to 12 feet. 



Mandarin oranges 15 to 20 feet. 



Lemons and sweet oranges 20 to 25 feet. 



Pomelos 25 to 30 feet. 



Limes 15 to 20 feet. 



LAYING OUT BEFORE PLANTING. 



The trees should stand in straight rows. It looks 

 better and cultivation is easier. Nothing looks worse than 

 zigzag rows of trees, and it is impossible to plow or cul- 

 tivate straight through the grove. 



Laying Out Squares or Rectangles with the Plow. 

 If a good plowman can be secured, very satisfactory work 

 can be done with the plow. In some cases a man can be 

 found who needs nothing in the way of a guide, except 

 two or three stakes. But with a sufficient number of 

 stakes and a marker attached to the plow, good results 

 can be secured by almost any plowman. 



