FROST PROTECTION. 351 



on young trees we must exclude this expedient from a plan 

 of orange culture on a sound basis. 



The next device, an original one, we shall term the 

 ventilated sand case. We had 150 fine young buds, four to 

 six feet high, placed under this treatment. The trees were 

 first tied up into as small a space as practical by means 

 of No. 1$ galvanized wire; a case was then placed close 

 around the tree. Most of these inner cases were of thin 

 boards some few, even, of paper. A second case was then 

 made about three inches from the first; this outer case 

 was made of small boards placed laterally between trough- 

 like corner pieces. The space between the two cases was 

 packed with sand. At the bottom a ventilating box ex- 

 tended from the outside into the tree. This vent and the 

 top were closed and covered with sand during the cold- 

 wave period only. The labor of putting up this device and 

 attending to it during the winter and clearing it away in 

 the spring cost us 20 cents per tree. The lumber used was 

 odds and ends from our mill and did not figure in the ex- 

 pense. 



The trees were placed in these cases during the week 

 of December 15, and so remained until the week of March 

 21, with the following results : A number came out with- 

 out loss of leaves and in excellent condition. Others were 

 defoliated on the lower branches, the top branches retain- 

 ing their leaves. Some were entirely defoliated, but the 

 wood was in good condition and quickly put on leaves 

 when the cases were removed. On the whole, this plan 

 may be regarded as a safe one, and if the vents are large 

 enough there will be no serious risk attending it from 

 either suffocation or cold. Its practical use, however. 

 is limited to small trees." 



