INSECTS INJURIOUS TO CITRUS GROVES. 511 



the insect occasionally ejects a globule of semi-liquid 

 honey-dew. This depression is surrounded by an irregular 

 ring of hairs which are yellowish in color instead of black. 

 The glassy filaments described in the last stage are now 

 very long and radiate from the body in almost every di- 

 rection. They break off very easily, yet they often reach 

 a length double that of the insect and her egg-sac to- 

 gether. 



Just as the body of the female begins to swell from 

 the eggs forming inside, the beginning of the egg-sac is 

 made. The insect lies flat on the bark. The edges of 

 the body turn slightly upward, and the waxy material 

 of which the sac is composed begins to issue from number- 

 less pores on the under side of the body, but more espec- 

 ially along the sides below. As the secretion advances 

 the body is raised, the head end still being attached, until 

 the insect is apparently standing on its head, nearly at 

 right angles to the surface to which it is attached. The 

 egg-laying commences as soon as the thin layer of secre- 

 tion has begun on the inner side of the abdomen and it 

 continues during the formation of the sac. Around the 

 edge of the abdomen there soon appears a narrow ring of 

 white felt-like wax, which is divided into a number of 

 flutings. These flutings grow in length and a mass of 

 eggs and wax under them increases, forcing the female 

 upwards until the sac is completed. When complete it 

 is from two to two and one-half times the length of the 

 female's body. It is of a snow-white color. The outside 

 is covered with fifteen of these longitudinal ridgings or 

 flutings of about equal size, except that the middle one 

 is smaller than the others. The upper part of the sac 

 is firm in texture, but the lower is looser and thinner 

 and from the inner side the young make their escape after 



