156 CIVIC BIOLOGY' 



scale insects (oyster-shell scale Mytilaitjris pomorum ; scurfy scale 

 Chionaspis furfurus ; San Jose" scale, Chinese pernicious scale Aujmfi- 

 otus perniciosus, the worst fruit-tree pest on the American continent; 

 cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi) ; apple-tree enemies (yellow- 

 necked apple-tree caterpillar Datana ministra ; red-humped apple-tree 

 caterpillar (Edemasia concinna ; apple sphinx, or hawk moth Spliimc 

 gordius; apple maggot, " railroad worm " Rhagoletis pomonelld); enemies 

 of small fruits (strawberry crown borer, weevil Tylotlerma fragrar'm : 

 strawberry root borer Anarsia lineatella; currant borer, American 

 Psenocerus supernotatus ; currant borer, imported JEgeria tipuliformis ; 

 grapevine root beetle Prionus laticollis ; grape-berry moth Polychrosin 

 botrana ; grape, gartered plume moth Oxyptilus periscelida'ctylus ; rose 

 chafer Macrodactylus sulmpinosus) ; plant lice (aphids, grape Phyl- 

 loxera vastatrix ; woolly apple louse Schizoneura lanigera : cherry louse 



Myzus cerasi). 



VEGETABLE, GRAIN, AND COTTON PESTS : Colorado potato beetle 

 Doryphora W-l'meata\ striped cucumber beetle Diabrotlca rittata; as- 

 paragus beetle Crioceris axparayi ; June beetle (May bug in the South) 



Laclmosterna fusca and others; flea beetles ->-Halticmi\ blister or oil 

 beetles Meloidcc ; cutworms Noctuidce (larvae of a number of owlet 

 moths or noctuids) ; sphinx moths (tobacco, South Phlegethonthis sexta : 

 tomato Plileyethontius quinquemaculata') ; cabbage worm, imported 

 Pontia rapce ; cabbage looper Aulographer brass icce; cabbage and rad- 

 ish maggot Pegomyia braxticte ; onion maggot Phorbia ceparum ; 

 cotton worm Aletia argillacea-, boll worm (corn-ear and tomato worm 

 of the North) Heliothis armigera; army worm Leucania unlpuncta; 

 Hessian fly Merisus destructor; corn-root aphis Aphis ma id i-r ad ids : 

 grain aphis or "green bug " Toxoptera gramineum ; chinch bug Blissus 

 leucopterus ; squash bug A nasa tristis ; grasshoppers (Rocky Mountain 

 locust) Melanoplits spretus; red-legged locust Melannplus femur- 

 rubnim 



FOREST AND SHADE-TREE ENEMIES: Gypsy moth Ocneria dlapar 

 (one of our most difficult problems) ; brown-tail moth Enproctls clirys- 

 orrhea (a national problem) ; elm-leaf beetle Galerucella luteola; white- 

 marked tussock moth Notolopltus leucostigma ; cottony maple scale 

 Pulv inar ia in n u merabilis. 



Most of the Hymenoptera are highly beneficial insects, but 

 among them are a few so injurious and troublesome that 

 every member of a community ought to know them. These 



