BIRDS OF THE PASTURE AND FOREST. 127 



ries and favorite insipid pears of more importance than 

 the whole agricultural crop of the States, have made sev- 

 eral efforts to obtain an edict of outlawry against him. 

 These repeated onslaughts have induced the friends of the 

 Robin to exaniinerhis claims to protection, and the result 

 of their investigations is demonstrative proof that it is 

 one of the most useful birds in existence. The Catbird 

 and all the Thrushes are similar to the Robin in their 

 habits of feeding, but are not sufficiently numerous to 

 equal it in the extent of their services. 



THE RED-THRUSH. 



After we have grown tired of threading our way through 

 the half-inundated wood-paths in a swamp of red-maple 

 and northern cypress, where there is twilight at broad 

 noonday, and where the only sounds we hear are the 

 occasional sweet notes of the Veery, now and then a few 

 quaint utterances from the Catbird, and the cawing of 

 Crows, high up in the cedars, we emerge into the upland 

 under the bright beams of noonday. The region into 

 which we enter is an open pasture of hill and dale, more 

 than half covered with wild shrubbery, and displaying 

 an occasional clump of trees. There, perched upon the 

 middle branch of some tall tree, the Red-Thrush, the 

 rhapsodist of the woods, may be heard pouring forth his 

 loud and varied song, often continuing it without cessation 

 for half an hour. His notes do not, like those of the 

 Finches and many other birds, have a beginning, a middle, 

 a turn, and a close, as if they were singing the words of a 

 measured hymn. The notes of the Red- Thrush are more 

 like a voluntary for the organ, in which, though there is a 

 frequent repetition of certain strains, the close of the per- 

 formance comes not after a measured number of notes. 



The Red-Thrush has many habits similar to those of 



