ON TRAINING AND PRUNING. 1 



the ashes. If such sheds be conveniently constructed to 

 hold each a moderate quantity, the first which is emptied of 

 peat may be filled with the first ashes that are returned in 

 exchange for a future supply of fuel, and they could be all 

 used for the same purpose as they become empty. These 

 ashes, when fairly tested, may become a merchantable 

 article in Europe ; and it is very probable that farmers may 

 be induced to take them in exchange for future supplies of 

 peat ; they could, however, be conveyed into the country at 

 a trifling expense, and would no doubt meet a ready sale. 



OBSERVATIONS 



ON TRAINING AND PRUNING FRUIT TREES AND VINES. 



In training and pruning fruit trees and vines, particular 

 attention is required. To supply a tree with a sufficiency 

 of vegetable juices, there must necessarily be living bark 

 and wood, in an uninterrupted succession from the root to 

 the ex r remities of the branches ; pruning therefore, is useful 

 to remedy any defect, as well as to take off superfluous wood, 

 and prevent unnecessary waste of the sap. Pruning may 

 be performed at different seasons of the year, according to 

 the kinds of fruit which will be shown under each head, as 

 we proceed. 



In the Spring or Summer pruning, be careful not to dei- 

 troy the germs of future fruits ; but merely remove all un- 

 serviceable sprigs. In the Winter season, makeyour selec- 

 tion from the wood shoots of the preceding year ; keep those 

 which appear the most healthy, and cut away those which 

 seem redundant. Beginners had better prefer the Spring, 

 as the buds will then be a guide for them to go by ; but this 

 business must not be delayed too late in the season, as some 

 kinds of trees and vines are apt to bleed from being pruned 

 untimely. When the sap rises in Grape Vines, <fcc., before 

 the wound is healed, bleeding ensues, and it is not easily 

 stopped. When this happens, sear the place, and cover it 



