300 GKAFfc. 



fnrro'ws are run across the field, at the distance of eiglit feet 

 from each other; these are afterwards crossed at right 

 angles, five feet asunder. In the opening, at the intersection 

 of these furrows, cuttings from nine to twelve inches long 

 are planted, and arranged with a view to the Vines being, 

 when grown, at distances of four by seven feet from each 

 other ; to this end, he frequently plants two cuttings in a 

 place, some of which are used to fill up with, in case of 

 failures. He says, that in 1629 he planted in nursery beds 

 from two to three thousand cuttings as late as the middle of 

 April to the middle of May, with better success than at any 

 previous time. " In this case the slips should be kept in a 

 cool damp place, where vegetation may be held in check. 

 To insure their freshness, sprinkle them occasionally with 

 water. Previous to planting, cut them a proper length, and 

 place them with their lower ends three or four inches in 

 water, in a tub above ground, where they may soak three or 

 four days. At this season the temperature will be likely to 

 be such as to spur vegetation at once into healthy and 

 vigorous action. The Autumn, or early in the Spring, is 

 preferable for rooted plants. In the Autumn of the first 

 year, after the frost has killed the unripe part of the young 

 shoots, they should be pruned down to the mature firm 

 wood, and then with a hoe filled over with the surrounding 

 soil, which will completely protect them through the Winter. 

 If left without protection the first Winter, many of them 

 will perish." 



Mr. Bonsall says, his mode of training, as far as he is 

 aware of it, is entirely peculiar to himself, which he describes 

 as follows: " I take chestnut posts, the thickness of large 

 fence rails, seven feet in length; these I plant along the 

 rows, at distances of ten feet from each other, and at such 

 a depth as to leave five feet above the surface of the earth ; 

 then taking three nails to each post, and driving them to 

 within half an inch of their heads, the first two and a half 

 feet from the ground, a second midway between that and 

 the top, and the third near the top, I attach No 1 1 iron wire 

 (one degree soft is best) firmly to one of the nails in the 

 end post, pass on to the next, and stretching it straight and 



