32 Vertebrata. 



gognathi, or pharynx-jaw-bearing fishes, on account of 

 the presence of a single medial tooth-bearing bone in 

 the pharynx, made up of the united lateral remains of 

 one of the hindmost of the visceral arches, which does 

 not bear gills. The flying fishes, distinguished by 

 their long pectoral fins ; the gar-pikes and parrot 

 fishes ; the cunners and tautogs, so common along 

 our shores, are the most familiar examples of the 

 group. They are small or moderate-sized hshes, with 

 spiny fins, and often with strong conical teeth in the 

 jaws. 



Sub-order 5 consists of the sea horses and pipe 

 fishes, which differ from all other fishes in having the 

 gill filaments in symmetrical clusters or tufts on the 

 gill arches, not in comblike plates ; hence they are 

 called Lophobranchii, or tufted-gilled fishes. Their 

 bodies are clad with bony plates, and are often of 

 eccentric angular shapes. They have no ribs, their 

 jaws are toothless, and the males in some species 

 are provided with pouches on the front of the 

 abdomen, into which they collect the eggs on their 

 being laid by the females, and within which the 

 young are hatched. 



The sixth sub-order, PUctognathi, or soldered jaws, 

 consists of spiny-finned fishes in which the bones of 

 the upper jaw are consolidated together instead of 

 remaining separate ; these are the singular globe-fishes, 

 whose spiny bodies are capable of inflation, and whose 

 bare, ivory-like teeth give them such a remarkable 

 appearance. The file fishes also, with their rough, 

 branched spines and tough skin and the angular box- 

 fishes, which belong to this order, are likewise among 



