Man. 121 



orang-utan, a larger brown-haired species, with longer 

 arms and a larger, rounder head, is found in Borneo 

 and Sumatra. The gorilla, the largest of the anthro- 

 poids, is a native of Senegambia, and is nearly as tall 

 as, but much stouter than, a man. The gibbons of 

 Southern Asia differ from the anthropoids in having 

 callosities, and resemble the orangs in the enormous 

 length of their arms (fig. 58). 



4. Man is the last and highest type included in 

 the order, and though in an anatomical point of view 

 there are not a sufficiently numerous series of differ- 

 ences of kind to lead us to form of him a separate 

 order, yet there are enormous differences of degree, 

 even of such kinds as are cognisable by the zoologist, 

 who, from the difficulties incident thereto, cannot 

 easily take psychological considerations into account 

 in constructing a classification. 



Man has a rudimentary (though an almost com- 

 plete) hair clothing, and a perfectly opposable thumb 

 on the hand, moved by independent muscles, while 

 the great toe is only capable of grasping by approxi- 

 mation, not by opposition, and even this power, 

 though great in some savage tribes, is almost des- 

 troyed, in civilised races, by the habit of wearing 

 shoes. The arms in man are shorter, and the hind 

 limbs longer and stronger than in any of the apes. 

 Progression is bipedal, and the feet are plantigrade, 

 while the arms are specially and solely set apart for 

 waiting upon the head. The muscles which keep 

 the body erect, such as those of the back, the ex- 

 tensors of the hip-joint, and the muscles of the calf 

 are enormously greater than are the corresponding 



