ANNULOSA : INSECTA. 



279 



shaped, styliform mandibles 

 usually with ocelli as well. 



and maxillae. 

 Two pairs 



Eyes compound 

 of wings in most 



The Hemiptera live upon the juices 



of plants or animals, which they are 



enabled to obtain by means of the 



suctorial rostrum. Amongst the more 



familiar examples of this order are 



the Plant-lice (Aphides, fig. 108), the 



Field-bug (Pentatoma), the Boat-fly 



(Notonecta\ the Cochineal Insects 



(Cocci), and the Cicadas. The order 



is divided into the following two 



sub-orders : 



Sub- order a. Homoptera. The 

 anterior pair of wings of the 

 same texture throughout 

 (membranous) ; the mouth 

 turned backwards, so that 

 the beak springs from the 

 back of the head. The wings 

 fold over one another when 

 the insect is at rest. The 

 three segments of the thorax 

 are united in a mass, and the 

 pro-thorax is generally shorter 

 than the meso-thorax. There 

 are ocelli between the com- 

 pound eyes, and the antennae 

 are small and composed of few joints. The females 

 have an ovipositor of three toothed blades. In this 

 section are the Aphides, the Scale Insects (Cocridce), 

 the Cicadas, the Lantern-flies (Fulgora), &c. 

 Sub-order b. Heteroptera. Anterior wings membranous 

 near their apices, but chitinous towards the base 

 (hemelytra) ; the rostrum springing from the front of 

 the head. The inner margins of the wings are straight 

 or contiguous. The antennae are moderate in size, and 

 composed of a few large joints. The pro-thorax is the 

 largest segment of the thorax. They are divided into 

 the two groups of the Hydrocorisce (Water-bugs) and 

 Geocorisa (Land-bugs), according as they are aquatic or 

 mainly terrestrial in their habits. 

 ORDER V. ORTHOPTERA. Mouth masticatory; wings four, 



sometimes wanting ; the anterior pair mostly smaller than the 



Fig. 



mon Cockroach (Blatta orienta- 

 lis) male and female 



09. Orthoptera. The com- 

 ach 



