ANNULOSA : INSECTA. 



that the insect appears first in the larval state ; and in Pupipara 

 not only is this the case, but the larvae continue to reside with- 

 in the mother until they become pupae. In the Hessian Fly 

 (Ceridomyia) the larva produces asexually a number of second- 

 ary larvae, which are developed within the body of the primitive 

 larva, and feed upon its tissues, ultimately causing its death. 



The Diptera constitute one of the largest of the orders of 

 the Insecta; the House-flies and Flesh-flies (Musca\ Gnats 

 (Culex), Forest-flies (Hippoboscd], Crane-flies (Ttpulidce^ and 

 Gad-flies (Tabanidtz), constituting good examples. 



ORDER IX. LEPIDOPTERA. Mouth suctorial, consisting of 

 a spiral trunk or " antlia," composed of the greatly-elongated 

 maxillae, and protected, when not in use, by the cushion-shaped 

 hairy labial palpi. Maxillae forming two sub-cylindrical tubes, 



Fig. 114. Large White Cabbage" Butterfly (Pontia brassicee). a Larva or caterpillar 

 b Pupa or chrysalis ; c Imago or perfect insect. 



united together by inosculating hooks, and constituting an in- 

 termediate tube by their junction. Maxillary palpi minute ; 

 labrum and mandibles rudimentary. Head, thorax, and ab- 

 domen more or less covered with hair. Wings, four in num- 

 ber, covered with modified hairs or scales ; wanting in the 

 females of a few species. Nervures not very numerous, mostly 

 longitudinal. Antennae almost always distinct, and composed 

 of numerous minute joints. 



This well-known and most beautiful of all the orders of 

 Insects comprises the Butterflies (fig. 114) and the Moths (fig. 

 115) ; the former being diurnal in their habits, the latter mostly 

 crepuscular or nocturnal. 



