4 I 2 MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY. 



in the form of ganoid plates, scales, or spines. The ventral 

 fins are generally wanting, and the air-bladder is destitute of 

 a duct. 



The most remarkable fishes of this section are the Trunk- 

 fishes (Ostraciontidte, fig. 174), in which the body is entirely 

 enclosed, with the exception of the tail, in an immovable case, 

 composed of large ganoid plates, firmly united to one another 

 at their edges. 



Besides the Trunk-fishes, this section also includes the File- 

 fishes (Balistida) and the Globe-fishes (Gymnodontidcs). 



SUB-ORDER E. LOPHOBRANCHII. This is a small and unim- 

 portant group, mainly characterised by the peculiar structure of 

 the gills, which are arranged in little tufts upon the branchial 

 arches, instead of the comb-like plates of the typical bony fishes. 

 The endoskeleton is only partially converted into bone, and the 

 exoskeleton, by way of compensation, consists of ganoid plates. 

 The swim-bladder is destitute of an air duct. 



The singular Sea-horses (Hippocampidtie), now kept in most of 

 our large aquaria, belong to this sub-order, but the only point 

 about them which requires notice is the curious fact that the 

 males in this family are provided with a sort of marsupial pouch, 

 into which the eggs are placed by the female, and to which the 

 young, when hatched, can retire if threatened by any danger. 

 This singular cavity is only found in the males, and is situated 

 at the base of the tail. More familiar than the Sea-horses are 

 the Pipe-fishes (Syngnatkida), of which one species occurs 

 commonly on our shores. 



CHAPTER LVIL 

 GANOIDEL 



ORDER IV. GANOIDEI. The fourth order of fishes is the 

 large and important one of the Ganoid fishes, represented, it is 

 true, by few living forms, but having an enormous development 

 in past geological epochs. For this reason the study of the 

 Ganoid fishes is one which claims considerable attention. 



The order Ganoidei may be defined by the following charac- 

 ters : The endoskeleton is only partially ossified, the verte- 

 bral column mostly remaining cartilaginous throughout life, 

 especially amongst the extinct forms of the Palaeozoic period, 

 in which the notochord is persistent. The skull is furnished 



