590 



MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY. 



regarded by Owen as being canines. Upon this view, canine 

 teeth are present in the lower jaw of the typical Ruminants, 

 and they are only remarkable for being placed in the same 

 series as the incisors, which they altogether resemble in shape, 

 size, and direction. Behind this continuous series of eight 

 teeth in the lower jaw, there is a vacant space, which is fol- 

 lowed behind by six molars on each side. The prsemolars 

 and molars have their grinding-surfaces marked with two 

 double crescents, the convexities of which are turned inwards 

 in the upper, and outwards in the lower teeth. 



Fig. 253. Skull of a hornless Sheep (after Owen), i Incisors ; c Canines ; 

 m Molars and Praemolars. 



The dental formula, then, for a typical Ruminant animal, is 



. o o o o 



i. ' f. 



I I 



; pm 



33 



m 



33 



- 32. 



33 ' 33 ' 33 



The departures from this typical formula occur in the Camelidce, 

 the M'oschidcz, and in some of the Deer. Most of the Deer con- 

 form in their dentition to the above formula, but a few forms 

 (<?.., the Muntjak) have canine teeth in the upper jaw. These 

 upper canines, however, are mostly confined to the males ; and 

 if they occur in the females, they are of a small size. The 

 dentition of the Camelidtz (Camels and Llamas) is still more 

 aberrant, there being two canine-like upper incisors and upper 

 canines as well. The lower canines also are more pointed 



