QUADRUMANA. 635 



division is the genus Macacus or Inuus (comprising the Ma- 

 caques), which includes most of the Monkeys which are ordi- 

 narily brought to this country. It is a Macaque which occurs 

 at the Rock of Gibraltar, and is the only wild Monkey which 

 is found in Europe at the present day. Most of the Macaques 

 are Asiatic, and a good example is the Wanderoo (M. Silenus) 

 of India. 



The second tribe of the Catarhine Monkeys is that of the 

 Baboons (Cynocephalus and Papto). In these forms the tail is 

 mostly short, and is often quite rudimentary. The head is large, 

 and the muzzle is greatly prolonged, having the nostrils at its 

 extremity. The facial angle is about 30, and the whole head 

 has much the aspect of that of a large dog. The natal callo- 

 sities are generally large and conspicuous, and usually of some 

 bright colour. The Baboons are large strong animals, ex- 

 tremely unattractive in outward appearance, and of great 

 ferocity. More than any other of the Monkeys, they employ 

 the fore-limbs in terrestrial progression, running upon all-fours 

 with the greatest ease. They are mainly inhabitants of Africa, 

 and one of them, the Mandrill (Cynocephalus Maimon\ attains 

 very nearly the height of a man. The best-known species are 

 the Chacma (Cynocephalus porcarius\ the Derrias (C. Hama- 

 dryas), the Common Baboon (C,papio), and the Mandrill. The 

 Derrias is found in Arabia and Abyssinia, and occurs both 

 embalmed and sculptured upon ancient monuments in Egypt 

 and Nubia. The Mandrill is rendered probably without ex- 

 ception the most disgustingly hideous of living beings by the 

 possession of a large blood-red natal callosities and of enormous 

 cheek-protuberances striped with brilliant colours in alternate 

 ribs. 



The third family of the Catarhine Monkeys is that of the 

 Anthropomorphous or Anthropoid Apes, so called from their 

 making a nearer approach in anatomical structure to man than 

 is the case with any other Mammal. The members of this 

 family are Apes in which there is no tail, and cheek-pouches 

 are absent, whilst in some cases there are also no natal callo- 

 sities. The hind-legs are short shorter than the fore-limbs 

 and the animal can progress in an erect or semi-erect 

 position. At the same time, the thumbs of the hind-feet 

 (hallux) are opposable to the other digits, so that the hind- 

 feet are prehensile hands. The spine shows a single curve, 

 and articulates with the back part of the skull. The canine 

 teeth of the males are long, strong, and pointed, but this is 

 not the case with the females. The structure, therefore, of 

 the canine teeth is to be regarded in the light of a sexual 



