66O GLOSSARY. 



axis round which the whorls of a spiral univalve are wound. Amongst the 

 Actinozoa, it is the central axis or pillar which is found in the centre of the 

 thecae of many corals. 



COLUMN. Applied to the cylindrical body of a Sea-anemone (Actinia) ; also 

 to the jointed stem or peduncle of the stalked Crinoids. 



COMMISSUEAL (Lat. committo, I solder together). Connecting together; 

 usually applied to the nerve-fibres which unite different ganglia. 



CONCHA (Lat. a shell). The external ear by which sounds are collected and 

 transmitted .to the internal ear. 



CONOHIFERA (Lat. concha, a shell ; fero, I carry). Shell-fish. Applied in a 

 restricted sense to the bivalve Molluscs, and used as a synonym for Lamelli- 

 branchiata. 



CONDYLE (Gr. kondulos, a knuckle). The surface by which one bone articulates 

 with another. Applied especially to the articular surface or surfaces by 

 which the skull articulates with the vertebral column. 



CONIROSTRES (Lat. conus, a cone ; rostrum, a beak). The division of Perching 

 Birds with conical beaks. 



COPKPODA (Gr. kope, an oar ; podes, feet). An order of Crustacea. 



CORACOID (Gr. korax, a crow ; eidos, form). One of the bones which enters 

 into the composition of the pectoral arch in Birds, Reptiles, and Mono- 

 tremes. In most Mammals it is a mere process of the scapula, having, in 

 man, some resemblance in shape to the beak of a crow. 



CORALLIGENOUS. Producing a corallum. 



CORALLITE. The corallum secreted by an Actinozoon which consists of a 

 single polype ; or the portion of a composite corallum which belongs to, and 

 is secreted by, an individual polype. 



CORALLUM (from the Latin for red coral). The hard structure deposited in, 

 or by, the tissues of an Actinozoon commonly called a "coral." 



CORIACEOUS (Lat. corium, hide). Leathery. 



CORPUS CALLOSUM (Lat. the " firm body "). The great band of nervous mat- 

 ter which unites the two hemispheres of the cerebrum in the Mammals. 



CORPUSCULATED (Lat. corpusculum, a little body or particle). Applied to 

 fluids which, like the blood, contain floating solid particles or " corpuscles." 



CORTICAL LAYER. The layer of consistent sarcode, which in the Infusoria 

 encloses the chyme mass, and is surrounded by the cuticle. Sometimes 

 called the "parenchyma of the body." 



CoSTjE (Lat. costa, a rib). Applied amongst the Crinoidea to designate the 

 rows of plates which succeed the inferior or basal portion of the cup (pel- 

 vis). Amongst the Corals the " costse" are vertical ridges which occur 

 on the outer surface of the theca, and mark the position of the septa 

 within. 



COSTAL (Lat. costa, a rib). Connected with the ribs. 



CRANIUM (Gr. kranion, the skull). The bony or cartilaginous case in which 

 the brain is contained. 



CRASPEDA (Gr. kraspedon, a margin or fringe). The long, convoluted cords, 

 containing thread-cells, which are attached to the free margins of the 

 mesenteries of a Sea-anemone. 



CREPUSCULAR (Lat. crepusculum, dusk). Applied to animals which are active 

 in the dusk or twilight. 



CRINOIDEA (Gr. krinos, a lily ; eidos, form). An order of Echinodermata com- 

 prising forms which are usually stalked, and sometimes resemble lilies in 

 shape. 



CROCODILIA (Gr. krokodeilos, a crocodile). An order of Reptiles. 



CROP. A partial dilatation of the gullet, technically called "ingluvies." 



CRUSTACEA (Lat. crusta, a crust). A class of articulate animals, comprising 

 Crabs, Lobsters, &c., characterised by the possession of a hard shell or 

 crust, which they cast periodically. 



CTENOCYST (Gr. kteis, a comb ; kustis, a bag or cyst). The sense-organ (pro- 

 bably auditory) which occurs in the Ctenophora. 



CTENOID (Gr. kteis, a comb ; eidos, form). Applied to those scales of fishes, 

 the hinder margins of which are fringed with spines or comb-like projections. 



