GLOSSARY. 669 



LEPTOCAKDIA (Gr. leptos, slender, small ; cardia, heart). The name given by 

 Miiller to the order of Fishes comprising the Lancelet, now called Pharyn- 

 gobranchii. 



LIGAMENTUM NUCILE (Lat. nucJia, the nape of the neck). The band of elastic 

 fibres by which the weight of the head in Mammalia is suppoi'ted. 



LINGUAL (Lat. lingua, the tongue). Connected with the tongue. 



LINGULA (Lat. ligula, a little tongue). The upper flexible portion of the 

 labium or lower lip in Insects. 



LISSENCEPHALA (Gr. lissos, smooth ; egkephalos, brain). A primary division 

 of Mammalia, according to Owen, in which the cerebral hemispheres are 

 smooth or have few convolutions. 



LITHOCYSTS (Gr. lithos, a stone ; kustis, a cyst). The sense-organs or " mar- 

 ginal bodies " of the Lucernarida or SteganopMhalmate Medusa 1 . 



LONGIPENNAT.E (Lat. longus, long ; penna, wing). A group of the Natatorial 

 Birds. 



LONGIROSTRES (Lat. longus ; rostrum, beak). A group of the Wading Birds. 



LOPHOPHORE (Gr. lophos, a crest ; and phero, I carry). The disc or stage upon 

 which the tentacles of the Polyzoa are borne. 



LOPHYROPODA (Gr. lophouros, having stiff hairs ; antipodes, feet). A section 

 of Crustacea. 



LORICA (Lat. a breast-plate). Applied to the protective case with which 

 certain Infusoria are provided. 



LORICATA (Lat. lorica, a cuirass). The division of Reptiles comprising the Che- 

 Ionia and Crocodilia, in which bony plates are developed in the skin (derma). 



LUCERNARIDA (Lat. lucerna, a lamp). An order of the Hydrozoa. 



LUMBAR (Lat. lumbus, loin). Connected with the loins. 



LUNATE (Lat. luna, moon). Crescentic in shape. 



LYENCEPHALA (Gr. luo, I loose ; egkephalos, brain). A primary division o 

 Mammals according to Owen. 



MACRODACTYLI (Gr. makros, long ; daktulos, a finger). A group of the Wad- 

 ing Birds. 



MACRURA (Gr. makros, long ; oura, tail). A tribe of Decapod Crustaceans 

 with long tails (e.g., the Lobster, Shrimp, &c.) 



MADREPORIFORM. Perforated with small holes, like a coral ; applied to the 

 tubercle by which the ambulacral system of the Echinoderms mostly com- 

 municates with the exterior. 



MALACOSTRACA (Gr. malakos, soft ; ostrakon, shell). A division of Crustacea. 

 Originally applied by Aristotle to the entire class Crustacea, because their 

 shells were softer than those of the Mollusca. 



MALLOPHAGA (Gr. mallos, a fleece ; phago, I eat). An order of Insects which 

 are mostly parasitic upon birds. 



MAMMALIA (Lat. mamma, the breast). The class of Vertebrate animals which 

 suckle their young. 



MANDIBLE (Lat. mandibulum, a jaw). The upper pair of jaws in Insects ; 

 also applied to one of the pairs of jaws in Crustacea and Spiders, to the beak 

 of Cephalopods, the lower jaw of Vertebrates, &c. 



MANTLE. The external integument of most of the Mollusca, which is largely- 

 developed, and forms a cloak in which the viscera are protected. Techni- 

 cally called the "pallium." 



MANUBRIUM (Lat. a handle). The polypite which is suspended from the roof 

 of the swimming-bell of a Medusa, or from the gonocalyx of a medusiform 

 gonophore amongst the Hydrozoa. 



MANUS (Lat. the hand). The hand of the higher Vertebrates. 



MARSIPOBRANCHII (Gr. marsipos, a pouch ; bragchia, gill). The order of 

 Fishes comprising the Hag-fishes and Lampreys with pouch-like gills. 



MARSUPIALIA (Lat. marsupium, a pouch). An order of Mammals in which the 

 females mostly have an abdominal pouch in which the young are carried. 



MASTAX (Gr. mouth). The muscular pharynx or " buccal funnel " into which 

 the moiith opens in most of the Rotifera. 



MASTICATORY (Lat. mastico, I qhew). Applied to parts adapted for chewing. 



