6 So GLOSSARY. 



structures occasionally developed in connection with the internal organs or 



viscera. 



SPONGE-PARTICLES. (See Sarcoids. ) 

 SPONGIDA (Gr. spoggos, a sponge). The division of Protozoa commonly known 



as sponges. 

 SPORES (Gr. spora, seed). Germs, usually of plants ; in a restricted sense, 



the reproductive "gemmules " of certain Sponges. 

 SPOROSACS (Gr. spora, seed; and sakkos, a bag). The simple generative 



buds of certain ffydrozoa, in which the medusoid structure is not deve- 

 loped. 

 SQUAMATA (Lat. squama, a scale). The division of Reptiles comprising the 



Ophidia and LacertiHa in which the integument develops horny scales, but 



there are no dermal ossifications. 

 STATOBLASTS (Gr. statos, stationary ; blastos, bud). Certain reproductive buds 



developed in the interior of Polyzoa, but not liberated until the death of 



the parent organism. 



STEGANOPHTHALMATA (Gr. steganos, covered ; and ophthalmos, the eye). Ap- 

 plied by Edward Forbes to certain Medusce, in which the sense-organs 



("marginal bodies") are protected by a sort of hood. The Steganophthal- 



mata are now separated from the true Medusidce, and placed in a separate 



division under the name Lucernarida. 

 STELLERIDA (Lat. stella, star). Sometimes employed to designate the order 



of the Star-fishes. 

 STELLIFORM. Star-shaped. 

 STEMMATA (Gr. stemma, garland). The simple eyes, or " ocelli," of certain 



animals, such as Insects, Spiders, and Crustacea. 

 STERNUM (Gr. sternon). The breast-bone. 

 STIGMATA. The breathing- pores in Insects and Arachnida. 

 STOLON (Gr. stolos, a sending forth). Offshoots. The connecting processes 



of sarcode, in Foraminifera ; the connectiug tube in the social Ascidiattx ; 



the processes sent out by the coenosarc of certain Actinozoa. 

 STOMAPODA (Gr. stoma, mouth ; pous, foot). An order of Crustacea. 

 STOMATODE (Gr. stoma). Possessing a mouth. The Infusoria are thus often 



called the Stomatode Protozoa. 

 STREPSIPTERA (Gr. strepho, I twist ; and ptcron, wing). An order of Insects 



in which the anterior wings are represented by twisted rudiments. 

 STREPSIRHINA (Gr. strepho, I twist ; rhines, nostrils). A group of the Quad- 



rumana, often spoken of as Prosimice. 

 STROBILA (Gr. strobilos, a top, or fir-cone). The adult Tape-worm with its 



generative segments or proglottides ; also applied to one of the stages in 



the life-history of the Lucernarida. 

 STYLIFORM (Lat. stylus, a pointed instrument ; forma, form). Pointed in 



shape. 



SUB-CALCAREOUS. Somewhat calcareous. 

 SUB-CENTRAL. Nearly central, but not quite. 

 SUB-PEDUNCULATE. Supported upon a very short stem. 

 SUB-SESSILE. Nearly sessile, or without a stalk. 

 SUPINATION (Lat. supinus, lying with the face upwards). The act of turning 



the hand with the palm upwards. 

 SUTURE (Lat. suo, I sew). The line of junction of two parts which are 



immovably connected together. Applied to the line where the whorls 



of a univalve shell join one another ; also to the lines made upon the 



exterior of the shell of a chambered Ceplialopod by the margins of the 



septa. 



SWIMMERETS. The limbs of Crustacea, which are adapted for swimming. 

 SYMPHYSIS (Gr. sumphusis, a growing together). Union of two bones in 



which there is no motion, or but a very limited amount. 

 SYNAPTICUL^E (Gr. sunapto, I fasten together). Transverse props sometimes 



found in Corals, extending across the loculi like the bars of a grate. 

 SYSTOLE (Gr. sustello, I contract). Applied to the contraction of any contrac- 

 tile cavity, especially the heart. 



