56 THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WORKING PLANS 



or is to be converted from one of these forms to another. If 

 high forest is chosen, the method of reproduction must be deter- 

 mined pro\'isionally, that is, an orderly procedure or process, 

 either natural or artificial, by which a forest is renewed or 

 established. The following methods are distinguished:* 



1. Clearcutting with artificial reproduction. Removal of 

 the entire stand in one cut with artificial reproduction by 

 direct seeding or by planting. See also seed tree methods 

 (b). G., Kahlschlagwirtschaft. F., Methode par coupe unique. 



2. Clearcutting with natural reproduction. Removal of 

 the entire stand in one felling, reproduction taking place by 

 seed from the marginal stand or from seed in the ground. This 

 method may be appHed to the stand by cutting a strip and, when 

 reproduction has taken place, seaming off an additional strip, 

 called strip method. G., Saumhieb. F., Coupe par bandes. 



When applied by remo\dng groups of trees and enlarging 

 these openings until the entire stand is removed it is called 

 group method. G., Kesselhieb, Locherhieb. F., Coupes par 

 trouees. 



3. Seed tree methods, (a) Removal of the entire stand 

 at one cut excepting a small number of seed trees left singly 

 on the area, or small groups or blocks of seed trees, which are 

 expected to seed the area thus exposed. 



{h) Removal of the entire stand excepting a few chosen 

 individuals, reserves, left uncut for a period, usually for a second 

 rotation, after the stand is reproduced. The primary purpose 

 is to secure increment of the reserves and incidentally seed. 

 This is known as reserve seed tree method. It is applied to forests 

 naturally reproduced and to those artificially reproduced also. 

 G., Ueberhaltbetrieb. F., Traitement en futaie avec reserve 

 sur coupe definitive. 



4. Selection method. That method of cutting in which 

 single trees, usually the largest and ripest, or small groups of 

 such trees, are removed and reproduction secured under the 



* The terminology is that prepared by the Society of American Foresters. 



