THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WORKING PLANS 67 



The allowed cut is fixed: First, in respect to how much 

 can be cut, i.e., the determination of cut; second, in respect 

 to where it is to be cut, i.e., the distribution of cut. This chap- 

 ter is accordingly divided into sections to correspond with 

 these two divisions of the subject and a third to treat special 

 cases of regulation. 



SECTION ONE 



DETERMINATION OF CUT 



The determination of the cut is either by area, by volume, 

 or by both. In this determination the bases are the foundations 

 of working plans already considered namely: 



1. Increment. 



2. Growing stock and distribution of the age classes. 



3. Object of management. 



4. Silvicultural method of management. 



5. Rotation. 



Of these, increment is the most important, i.e., the increment 

 as it actually is.* No sustained yield is possible which disre- 

 gards the increment. 



According as the determination of cut is to be by area, 

 by volume, or by both, the following methods have been evolved: 



1. A. By area. 



B. By volume. 



I. Based solely on growing stock. 



2. I. Von Mantel's method. 



3. 2. Methode de Masson. 



II. Based solely on increment. 



4. I. By current annual increment (Swiss method). 



* " The main task for the regulation of cut, here as well as abroad, is doubt- 

 less the determination of the annual or periodic increment — the increment as it 

 actually is. This is under all circumstances the most important basis and stand- 

 ard of comparison for the cut." — Prof. Dr. Martin, Tharandt, in letter to the 

 author, January 21, 191 2. 



