112 THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WORKING PLANS 



16. BY AREA AND VOLUME.— BASED ON AGE CLASSES. THE 

 STAND METHOD (JUDEICH'S "BESTANDSWTRTSCHAFT "). 



(a) Description of Method. — Judeich* bases his method on 

 the undoubted fact that no method of determining the cut 

 for a period of years in advance — some even attempting to do so 

 for the whole rotation or a substantial part thereof — is accurate 

 without frequent revisions which recognize the unexpected 

 changes inevitable in every stand no matter how carefully 

 managed. He therefore makes no attempt to regulate the cut 

 for more than a decade in advance, but prescribes not only a 

 revision, but a new plan at the end of the decade. 



In order to secure a sustained yield the annual' cut is cal- 

 culated with the following three regulating factors: 



(a) The yearly cutting area or volume; 



(b) The distribution of the age classes; 



(c) The results of previous cuttings. 



The more the results of previous cuttings, especially with regard 

 to their effect on the distribution of the age classes, are avail- 

 able, the greater is the justification in regulating the cut for only 

 a decade in advance. Where there has been no previous work- 

 ing plan nor adequate record keeping (with especial respect 

 to volume, area, and distribution of age classes) the cut 

 must be determined two, three, or at most four decades in 

 advance. 



Judeich does not give any certain method of ascertaining 

 the cut — either in volume or in area — but adapts this to the 

 pecuHar exigencies of each forest. The object of the working 

 plan is the attainment of normality in the distribution of the 

 age classes; this is secured by a correct cutting series and 

 cutting policy. 



The cutting policy selects for the next decade or two, or, 

 at most three or four, all the stands or groups of stands which 

 require cutting for one or more of the following reasons: 



* Adapted from Lorey, " Handbuch der Forstwissenschaft," 2d edit . VoL HI. 



