198 THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WORKING PLANS 



stand has been made the criterion of regulation; the cut is no 

 longer determined in advance for the whole rotation, but usually 

 for only the first period of twenty years, exceptionally for the 

 second period also. 



Normally, the cutting area of the I period =—^ -. — X 20. 



Exceptions are necessitated under abnormal conditions such 

 as an excess or deficit of merchantable timber, etc. With 

 thrifty stands and a proper distribution of the age classes (in 

 ten-year gradations) the sum of the merchantable stands will 

 automatically aggregate the periodic cutting area. 



In the choice of stands for reproduction, great attention is 

 paid to the formation of proper cutting series, just as in Saxony 

 (see above).* 



The process of forest orgam'zation is summarized as follows: 

 After rotation, silvicultural method, and species have been set- 

 tled upon and the actual condition of each stand (subcompart- 

 ment) accurately determined, the first period of twenty years 

 is endowed with the proper area of subcompartments according 

 to the principles outhned above. Then for the next decade the 

 stands on half the period area are accurately estimated (cali- 

 pered). Since there are always unlooked-for contingencies 

 requiring cutting of areas aside from those provided for in the 

 plan, an amount based on past experience is allowed for such 

 emergencies. 



A separate area plan is drawn up for thinnings. 



Forest orgam'zation in Wiirttemberg is in a state of transi- 

 tion from the period method to that by stands; it is not quite 

 '' off with the old " as yet nor " on with the new." 



V. Baden 



The Grand Duchy of Baden is the neighbor state of 

 Wiirttemberg. It has a total area of 3,725,007 acres, of which 

 1,402,454 acres, or 37.65 per cent, are forested, the highest 



Oberster Grundsatz die Bildung geeigneter Hiebszuge." 



